Low content of highly reactive iron in sediments from Prydz Bay and the adjacent Southern Ocean: Controlling factors and implications for sedimentary organic carbon preservation
Examining iron (Fe) speciation in marine sediments is critical to understand Fe and carbon biogeochemical cycling in polar regions. In this study, we investigated the speciation of Fe in sediments from Prydz Bay and the adjacent Southern Ocean, and examined the factors controlling Fe speciation and...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-03-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1142061/full |
| _version_ | 1827977341108748288 |
|---|---|
| author | Wenhao Huang Wenhao Huang Xiaoze Guo Xiaoze Guo Xiaoze Guo Jun Zhao Jun Zhao Dong Li Dong Li Ji Hu Ji Hu Haifeng Zhang Haifeng Zhang Cai Zhang Cai Zhang Zhengbing Han Weiping Sun Yongge Sun Jianming Pan Jianming Pan |
| author_facet | Wenhao Huang Wenhao Huang Xiaoze Guo Xiaoze Guo Xiaoze Guo Jun Zhao Jun Zhao Dong Li Dong Li Ji Hu Ji Hu Haifeng Zhang Haifeng Zhang Cai Zhang Cai Zhang Zhengbing Han Weiping Sun Yongge Sun Jianming Pan Jianming Pan |
| author_sort | Wenhao Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Examining iron (Fe) speciation in marine sediments is critical to understand Fe and carbon biogeochemical cycling in polar regions. In this study, we investigated the speciation of Fe in sediments from Prydz Bay and the adjacent Southern Ocean, and examined the factors controlling Fe speciation and its relationship with total organic carbon (TOC). Our results reveal that unreactive silicate Fe (FeU) is the dominant pool of total Fe (FeT), followed by poorly reactive sheet silicate Fe (FePRS), reducible crystalline Fe oxides (Feox2), easily reducible amorphous/poorly crystalline Fe oxides (Feox1), and magnetite (Femag), with carbonate-associated ferrous Fe (Fecarb) being the smallest pool. The highly reactive Fe (FeHR)/FeT ratios (0.13 ± 0.06) in our study area are among the lowest end-member globally, primarily due to weak bedrock weathering and slow glacier melting. The Feox1/FeT ratios are similar to those in continental shelf and marginal seas containing highly weathered materials, while the Feox2/FeT ratios are significantly lower. This result implicates that low temperature inhibits the aging of iceberg melting-sourced Feox1 potentially, and accordingly the regulation of weathering on the FeHR/FeT ratio is mainly reflected in Feox2/FeT ratio. There are no significant correlations between TOC and FeHR, Fecarb, Feox1 or Feox2 in the research region. Four distinct patterns of TOC/FeHR ratio can be discerned by summarizing the global data set: (a) high TOC/FeHR ratios (> 2.5) are likely the result of high marine primary productivity and low chemically weathered source materials; (b) low TOC/FeHR ratios (< 0.6) are caused by high rates of FeHR inputs and OC remineralization; (c) mid-range TOC/FeHR ratios (0.6 – 2.5) typical of most river particulates and marginal sea sediments indicate the same FeHR and OC sources and/or interactions between each other; (d) both low TOC and FeHR content is the result of low marine primary productivity and weak chemical weathering. Our findings provide new insights into the relationship between FeHR and TOC in polar sediments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:03:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c8d1c110500b42659e0ce3e086ed5db7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:03:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-c8d1c110500b42659e0ce3e086ed5db72023-03-29T06:12:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452023-03-011010.3389/fmars.2023.11420611142061Low content of highly reactive iron in sediments from Prydz Bay and the adjacent Southern Ocean: Controlling factors and implications for sedimentary organic carbon preservationWenhao Huang0Wenhao Huang1Xiaoze Guo2Xiaoze Guo3Xiaoze Guo4Jun Zhao5Jun Zhao6Dong Li7Dong Li8Ji Hu9Ji Hu10Haifeng Zhang11Haifeng Zhang12Cai Zhang13Cai Zhang14Zhengbing Han15Weiping Sun16Yongge Sun17Jianming Pan18Jianming Pan19Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaSecond Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaSecond Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaInstitute of Environmental and Biogeochemistry (eBig), School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaSecond Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaSecond Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaSecond Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaSecond Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaSecond Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaSecond Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaSecond Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaInstitute of Environmental and Biogeochemistry (eBig), School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaSecond Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaExamining iron (Fe) speciation in marine sediments is critical to understand Fe and carbon biogeochemical cycling in polar regions. In this study, we investigated the speciation of Fe in sediments from Prydz Bay and the adjacent Southern Ocean, and examined the factors controlling Fe speciation and its relationship with total organic carbon (TOC). Our results reveal that unreactive silicate Fe (FeU) is the dominant pool of total Fe (FeT), followed by poorly reactive sheet silicate Fe (FePRS), reducible crystalline Fe oxides (Feox2), easily reducible amorphous/poorly crystalline Fe oxides (Feox1), and magnetite (Femag), with carbonate-associated ferrous Fe (Fecarb) being the smallest pool. The highly reactive Fe (FeHR)/FeT ratios (0.13 ± 0.06) in our study area are among the lowest end-member globally, primarily due to weak bedrock weathering and slow glacier melting. The Feox1/FeT ratios are similar to those in continental shelf and marginal seas containing highly weathered materials, while the Feox2/FeT ratios are significantly lower. This result implicates that low temperature inhibits the aging of iceberg melting-sourced Feox1 potentially, and accordingly the regulation of weathering on the FeHR/FeT ratio is mainly reflected in Feox2/FeT ratio. There are no significant correlations between TOC and FeHR, Fecarb, Feox1 or Feox2 in the research region. Four distinct patterns of TOC/FeHR ratio can be discerned by summarizing the global data set: (a) high TOC/FeHR ratios (> 2.5) are likely the result of high marine primary productivity and low chemically weathered source materials; (b) low TOC/FeHR ratios (< 0.6) are caused by high rates of FeHR inputs and OC remineralization; (c) mid-range TOC/FeHR ratios (0.6 – 2.5) typical of most river particulates and marginal sea sediments indicate the same FeHR and OC sources and/or interactions between each other; (d) both low TOC and FeHR content is the result of low marine primary productivity and weak chemical weathering. Our findings provide new insights into the relationship between FeHR and TOC in polar sediments.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1142061/fullFe speciationhighly reactive FeSouthern Oceanmarine sedimentorganic carbon |
| spellingShingle | Wenhao Huang Wenhao Huang Xiaoze Guo Xiaoze Guo Xiaoze Guo Jun Zhao Jun Zhao Dong Li Dong Li Ji Hu Ji Hu Haifeng Zhang Haifeng Zhang Cai Zhang Cai Zhang Zhengbing Han Weiping Sun Yongge Sun Jianming Pan Jianming Pan Low content of highly reactive iron in sediments from Prydz Bay and the adjacent Southern Ocean: Controlling factors and implications for sedimentary organic carbon preservation Frontiers in Marine Science Fe speciation highly reactive Fe Southern Ocean marine sediment organic carbon |
| title | Low content of highly reactive iron in sediments from Prydz Bay and the adjacent Southern Ocean: Controlling factors and implications for sedimentary organic carbon preservation |
| title_full | Low content of highly reactive iron in sediments from Prydz Bay and the adjacent Southern Ocean: Controlling factors and implications for sedimentary organic carbon preservation |
| title_fullStr | Low content of highly reactive iron in sediments from Prydz Bay and the adjacent Southern Ocean: Controlling factors and implications for sedimentary organic carbon preservation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low content of highly reactive iron in sediments from Prydz Bay and the adjacent Southern Ocean: Controlling factors and implications for sedimentary organic carbon preservation |
| title_short | Low content of highly reactive iron in sediments from Prydz Bay and the adjacent Southern Ocean: Controlling factors and implications for sedimentary organic carbon preservation |
| title_sort | low content of highly reactive iron in sediments from prydz bay and the adjacent southern ocean controlling factors and implications for sedimentary organic carbon preservation |
| topic | Fe speciation highly reactive Fe Southern Ocean marine sediment organic carbon |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1142061/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wenhaohuang lowcontentofhighlyreactiveironinsedimentsfromprydzbayandtheadjacentsouthernoceancontrollingfactorsandimplicationsforsedimentaryorganiccarbonpreservation AT wenhaohuang lowcontentofhighlyreactiveironinsedimentsfromprydzbayandtheadjacentsouthernoceancontrollingfactorsandimplicationsforsedimentaryorganiccarbonpreservation AT xiaozeguo lowcontentofhighlyreactiveironinsedimentsfromprydzbayandtheadjacentsouthernoceancontrollingfactorsandimplicationsforsedimentaryorganiccarbonpreservation AT xiaozeguo lowcontentofhighlyreactiveironinsedimentsfromprydzbayandtheadjacentsouthernoceancontrollingfactorsandimplicationsforsedimentaryorganiccarbonpreservation AT xiaozeguo lowcontentofhighlyreactiveironinsedimentsfromprydzbayandtheadjacentsouthernoceancontrollingfactorsandimplicationsforsedimentaryorganiccarbonpreservation AT junzhao lowcontentofhighlyreactiveironinsedimentsfromprydzbayandtheadjacentsouthernoceancontrollingfactorsandimplicationsforsedimentaryorganiccarbonpreservation AT junzhao lowcontentofhighlyreactiveironinsedimentsfromprydzbayandtheadjacentsouthernoceancontrollingfactorsandimplicationsforsedimentaryorganiccarbonpreservation AT dongli lowcontentofhighlyreactiveironinsedimentsfromprydzbayandtheadjacentsouthernoceancontrollingfactorsandimplicationsforsedimentaryorganiccarbonpreservation AT dongli lowcontentofhighlyreactiveironinsedimentsfromprydzbayandtheadjacentsouthernoceancontrollingfactorsandimplicationsforsedimentaryorganiccarbonpreservation AT jihu lowcontentofhighlyreactiveironinsedimentsfromprydzbayandtheadjacentsouthernoceancontrollingfactorsandimplicationsforsedimentaryorganiccarbonpreservation AT jihu lowcontentofhighlyreactiveironinsedimentsfromprydzbayandtheadjacentsouthernoceancontrollingfactorsandimplicationsforsedimentaryorganiccarbonpreservation AT haifengzhang lowcontentofhighlyreactiveironinsedimentsfromprydzbayandtheadjacentsouthernoceancontrollingfactorsandimplicationsforsedimentaryorganiccarbonpreservation AT haifengzhang lowcontentofhighlyreactiveironinsedimentsfromprydzbayandtheadjacentsouthernoceancontrollingfactorsandimplicationsforsedimentaryorganiccarbonpreservation AT caizhang lowcontentofhighlyreactiveironinsedimentsfromprydzbayandtheadjacentsouthernoceancontrollingfactorsandimplicationsforsedimentaryorganiccarbonpreservation AT caizhang lowcontentofhighlyreactiveironinsedimentsfromprydzbayandtheadjacentsouthernoceancontrollingfactorsandimplicationsforsedimentaryorganiccarbonpreservation AT zhengbinghan lowcontentofhighlyreactiveironinsedimentsfromprydzbayandtheadjacentsouthernoceancontrollingfactorsandimplicationsforsedimentaryorganiccarbonpreservation AT weipingsun lowcontentofhighlyreactiveironinsedimentsfromprydzbayandtheadjacentsouthernoceancontrollingfactorsandimplicationsforsedimentaryorganiccarbonpreservation AT yonggesun lowcontentofhighlyreactiveironinsedimentsfromprydzbayandtheadjacentsouthernoceancontrollingfactorsandimplicationsforsedimentaryorganiccarbonpreservation AT jianmingpan lowcontentofhighlyreactiveironinsedimentsfromprydzbayandtheadjacentsouthernoceancontrollingfactorsandimplicationsforsedimentaryorganiccarbonpreservation AT jianmingpan lowcontentofhighlyreactiveironinsedimentsfromprydzbayandtheadjacentsouthernoceancontrollingfactorsandimplicationsforsedimentaryorganiccarbonpreservation |