Generation and function of induced regulatory T cells
CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential to the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. There are two major subsets of Treg cells, natural Treg (nTreg) cells that develop in the thymus, and induced Treg (iTreg) cells that arise in the periphery from CD4+ Foxp3– conven...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2013-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00152/full |
| _version_ | 1811197917608804352 |
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| author | Erica G Schmitt Calvin B Williams |
| author_facet | Erica G Schmitt Calvin B Williams |
| author_sort | Erica G Schmitt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential to the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. There are two major subsets of Treg cells, natural Treg (nTreg) cells that develop in the thymus, and induced Treg (iTreg) cells that arise in the periphery from CD4+ Foxp3– conventional T (Tconv) cells and can be generated in vitro. Previous work has established that both subsets are required for immunological tolerance. Additionally, in vitro-derived iTreg cells can reestablish tolerance in situations where Treg cells are decreased or defective. This review will focus on iTreg cells, drawing comparisons to nTreg cells when possible. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of iTreg cell induction, both in vivo and in vitro, review the Foxp3-dependent and -independent transcriptional landscape of iTreg cells, and examine the proposed suppressive mechanisms utilized by each Treg cell subset. We also compare the T cell receptor repertoire of the Treg cell subsets, discuss inflammatory conditions where iTreg cells are generated or have been used for treatment, and address the issue of iTreg cell stability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:22:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c8dc0158de0847dc97ebc4c802b0a969 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:22:18Z |
| publishDate | 2013-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c8dc0158de0847dc97ebc4c802b0a9692022-12-22T03:53:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242013-06-01410.3389/fimmu.2013.0015254995Generation and function of induced regulatory T cellsErica G Schmitt0Calvin B Williams1Medical College of WisconsinMedical College of WisconsinCD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential to the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. There are two major subsets of Treg cells, natural Treg (nTreg) cells that develop in the thymus, and induced Treg (iTreg) cells that arise in the periphery from CD4+ Foxp3– conventional T (Tconv) cells and can be generated in vitro. Previous work has established that both subsets are required for immunological tolerance. Additionally, in vitro-derived iTreg cells can reestablish tolerance in situations where Treg cells are decreased or defective. This review will focus on iTreg cells, drawing comparisons to nTreg cells when possible. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of iTreg cell induction, both in vivo and in vitro, review the Foxp3-dependent and -independent transcriptional landscape of iTreg cells, and examine the proposed suppressive mechanisms utilized by each Treg cell subset. We also compare the T cell receptor repertoire of the Treg cell subsets, discuss inflammatory conditions where iTreg cells are generated or have been used for treatment, and address the issue of iTreg cell stability.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00152/fullGene Expression ProfilingImmunotherapyTCR repertoireTreg cellsTreg stabilityTreg function |
| spellingShingle | Erica G Schmitt Calvin B Williams Generation and function of induced regulatory T cells Frontiers in Immunology Gene Expression Profiling Immunotherapy TCR repertoire Treg cells Treg stability Treg function |
| title | Generation and function of induced regulatory T cells |
| title_full | Generation and function of induced regulatory T cells |
| title_fullStr | Generation and function of induced regulatory T cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Generation and function of induced regulatory T cells |
| title_short | Generation and function of induced regulatory T cells |
| title_sort | generation and function of induced regulatory t cells |
| topic | Gene Expression Profiling Immunotherapy TCR repertoire Treg cells Treg stability Treg function |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00152/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ericagschmitt generationandfunctionofinducedregulatorytcells AT calvinbwilliams generationandfunctionofinducedregulatorytcells |