The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems
The activities of this paper were focused on an in-situ fabrication process for producing two self-healing systems containing dicyclopentadiene and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene monomers encapsulated in a urea-formaldehyde shell and integration methods applied in the epoxy matrix to analyse and compare...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/5/1052 |
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| author | Ionut Sebastian Vintila Horia Iovu Andreea Alcea Andreia Cucuruz Andrei Cristian Mandoc Bogdan Stefan Vasile |
| author_facet | Ionut Sebastian Vintila Horia Iovu Andreea Alcea Andreia Cucuruz Andrei Cristian Mandoc Bogdan Stefan Vasile |
| author_sort | Ionut Sebastian Vintila |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The activities of this paper were focused on an in-situ fabrication process for producing two self-healing systems containing dicyclopentadiene and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene monomers encapsulated in a urea-formaldehyde shell and integration methods applied in the epoxy matrix to analyse and compare the influences of their integration into the neat epoxy matrix. The self-healing systems were first synthesized according to a literature review, and subsequently, an optimization process was conducted for the fabrication process. Neat epoxy specimens were fabricated as reference specimens and subjected to flexural tests. Several integration methods for incorporating the self-healing systems into the epoxy resin were investigated. The optimal method presenting the best dispersion of the healing system was achieved by reducing the viscosity of the epoxy matrix with 10 vol % acetone solution, the addition of a microcapsule in the matrix, and homogenization at 60 °C at 100 rpm. Thermal analysis was performed in order to observe the mass loss obtained with an increasing temperature and phase changes for both poly-urea-formaldehyde (PUF)-dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF)-5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) systems. The thermogravimetric analysis performed for the PUF-DCPD system indicates a total loss of mass in the range of 30–500 °C of 72.604% and for the MUF-ENB system, indicates a total mass loss in the range of 30–500 °C of 74.093%. Three-point bending tests showed higher mechanical properties for PUF-DCPD (80%) than MUF-ENB (40%) compared to the neat epoxy systems. Numerical simulations were performed to obtain a better understanding of the microcapsule behavior when embedded in an epoxy matrix. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:02:45Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:02:45Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-c8fbff4438a44e1285f75f1600494a112023-11-19T23:27:48ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602020-05-01125105210.3390/polym12051052The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule SystemsIonut Sebastian Vintila0Horia Iovu1Andreea Alcea2Andreia Cucuruz3Andrei Cristian Mandoc4Bogdan Stefan Vasile5National Research and Development Institute for Gas Turbines COMOTI, 061126 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Bioresources and Polymer Science, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, RomaniaNational Research and Development Institute for Gas Turbines COMOTI, 061126 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, RomaniaNational Research and Development Institute for Gas Turbines COMOTI, 061126 Bucharest, RomaniaNational Research Centre for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, RomaniaThe activities of this paper were focused on an in-situ fabrication process for producing two self-healing systems containing dicyclopentadiene and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene monomers encapsulated in a urea-formaldehyde shell and integration methods applied in the epoxy matrix to analyse and compare the influences of their integration into the neat epoxy matrix. The self-healing systems were first synthesized according to a literature review, and subsequently, an optimization process was conducted for the fabrication process. Neat epoxy specimens were fabricated as reference specimens and subjected to flexural tests. Several integration methods for incorporating the self-healing systems into the epoxy resin were investigated. The optimal method presenting the best dispersion of the healing system was achieved by reducing the viscosity of the epoxy matrix with 10 vol % acetone solution, the addition of a microcapsule in the matrix, and homogenization at 60 °C at 100 rpm. Thermal analysis was performed in order to observe the mass loss obtained with an increasing temperature and phase changes for both poly-urea-formaldehyde (PUF)-dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF)-5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) systems. The thermogravimetric analysis performed for the PUF-DCPD system indicates a total loss of mass in the range of 30–500 °C of 72.604% and for the MUF-ENB system, indicates a total mass loss in the range of 30–500 °C of 74.093%. Three-point bending tests showed higher mechanical properties for PUF-DCPD (80%) than MUF-ENB (40%) compared to the neat epoxy systems. Numerical simulations were performed to obtain a better understanding of the microcapsule behavior when embedded in an epoxy matrix.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/5/1052polymer compositesself-healingthermal stabilityFEM analysisdicyclopentadiene5-ethylidene-2-norbornene |
| spellingShingle | Ionut Sebastian Vintila Horia Iovu Andreea Alcea Andreia Cucuruz Andrei Cristian Mandoc Bogdan Stefan Vasile The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems Polymers polymer composites self-healing thermal stability FEM analysis dicyclopentadiene 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene |
| title | The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems |
| title_full | The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems |
| title_fullStr | The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems |
| title_short | The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems |
| title_sort | synthetization and analysis of dicyclopentadiene and ethylidene norbornene microcapsule systems |
| topic | polymer composites self-healing thermal stability FEM analysis dicyclopentadiene 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/5/1052 |
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