Human Microbiota and Breast Cancer—Is There Any Relevant Link?—A Literature Review and New Horizons Toward Personalised Medicine
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy and the second cause of cancer-specific death in women from high-income countries. Recently, gut microbiota dysbiosis emerged as a key player that may directly and/or indirectly influence development, treatment, and prognosis of BC through diverse bio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.584332/full |
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| author | Diogo Alpuim Costa Diogo Alpuim Costa José Guilherme Nobre Marta Vaz Batista Catarina Ribeiro Catarina Calle Catarina Calle Alfonso Cortes Maximilian Marhold Ida Negreiros Paula Borralho Paula Borralho Paula Borralho Paula Borralho Miguel Brito Javier Cortes Javier Cortes Javier Cortes Sofia Azambuja Braga Sofia Azambuja Braga Sofia Azambuja Braga Luís Costa Luís Costa Luís Costa Luís Costa |
| author_facet | Diogo Alpuim Costa Diogo Alpuim Costa José Guilherme Nobre Marta Vaz Batista Catarina Ribeiro Catarina Calle Catarina Calle Alfonso Cortes Maximilian Marhold Ida Negreiros Paula Borralho Paula Borralho Paula Borralho Paula Borralho Miguel Brito Javier Cortes Javier Cortes Javier Cortes Sofia Azambuja Braga Sofia Azambuja Braga Sofia Azambuja Braga Luís Costa Luís Costa Luís Costa Luís Costa |
| author_sort | Diogo Alpuim Costa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy and the second cause of cancer-specific death in women from high-income countries. Recently, gut microbiota dysbiosis emerged as a key player that may directly and/or indirectly influence development, treatment, and prognosis of BC through diverse biological processes: host cell proliferation and death, immune system function, chronic inflammation, oncogenic signalling, hormonal and detoxification pathways. Gut colonisation occurs during the prenatal period and is later diversified over distinct phases throughout life. In newly diagnosed postmenopausal BC patients, an altered faecal microbiota composition has been observed compared with healthy controls. Particularly, β-glucuronidase bacteria seem to modulate the enterohepatic circulation of oestrogens and their resorption, increasing the risk of hormone-dependent BC. Moreover, active phytoestrogens, short-chain fatty acids, lithocholic acid, and cadaverine have been identified as bacterial metabolites influencing the risk and prognosis of BC. As in gut, links are also being made with local microbiota of tumoural and healthy breast tissues. In breast microbiota, different microbial signatures have been reported, with distinct patterns per stage and biological subtype. Total bacterial DNA load was lower in tumour tissue and advanced-stage BC when compared with healthy tissue and early stage BC, respectively. Hypothetically, these findings reflect local dysbiosis, potentially creating an environment that favours breast tumour carcinogenesis (oncogenic trigger), or the natural selection of microorganisms adapted to a specific microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the origin, composition, and dynamic evolution of human microbiota, the links between gut/breast microbiota and BC, and explore the potential implications of metabolomics and pharmacomicrobiomics that might impact BC development and treatment choices toward a more personalised medicine. Finally, we put in perspective the potential limitations and biases regarding the current microbiota research and provide new horizons for stronger accurate translational and clinical studies that are needed to better elucidate the complex network of interactions between host, microorganisms, and drugs in the field of BC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T12:30:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c90f8d4747f64cee96c426ad8df941d5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T12:30:42Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c90f8d4747f64cee96c426ad8df941d52022-12-21T23:46:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2021-02-011210.3389/fmicb.2021.584332584332Human Microbiota and Breast Cancer—Is There Any Relevant Link?—A Literature Review and New Horizons Toward Personalised MedicineDiogo Alpuim Costa0Diogo Alpuim Costa1José Guilherme Nobre2Marta Vaz Batista3Catarina Ribeiro4Catarina Calle5Catarina Calle6Alfonso Cortes7Maximilian Marhold8Ida Negreiros9Paula Borralho10Paula Borralho11Paula Borralho12Paula Borralho13Miguel Brito14Javier Cortes15Javier Cortes16Javier Cortes17Sofia Azambuja Braga18Sofia Azambuja Braga19Sofia Azambuja Braga20Luís Costa21Luís Costa22Luís Costa23Luís Costa24Breast Cancer Unit, CUF Oncologia, Lisbon, PortugalNOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Lisbon PortugalFaculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalMedical Oncology Department, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, PortugalFaculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalFaculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, PortugalPathology Department, CUF Oncologia, Lisbon, PortugalMedical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Madrid, SpainDivision of Oncology, Department for Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaBreast Cancer Unit, CUF Oncologia, Lisbon, PortugalBreast Cancer Unit, CUF Oncologia, Lisbon, PortugalFaculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalPathology Department, CUF Oncologia, Lisbon, Portugal0Health and Technology Research Center (H&TRC), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal0Health and Technology Research Center (H&TRC), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal1International Breast Cancer Center (IBCC), Quiron Group, Barcelona, Spain2Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain3Medica Scientia Innovation Research, Valencia, SpainBreast Cancer Unit, CUF Oncologia, Lisbon, PortugalNOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Lisbon PortugalMedical Oncology Department, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, PortugalBreast Cancer Unit, CUF Oncologia, Lisbon, PortugalFaculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal4Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal5Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalBreast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy and the second cause of cancer-specific death in women from high-income countries. Recently, gut microbiota dysbiosis emerged as a key player that may directly and/or indirectly influence development, treatment, and prognosis of BC through diverse biological processes: host cell proliferation and death, immune system function, chronic inflammation, oncogenic signalling, hormonal and detoxification pathways. Gut colonisation occurs during the prenatal period and is later diversified over distinct phases throughout life. In newly diagnosed postmenopausal BC patients, an altered faecal microbiota composition has been observed compared with healthy controls. Particularly, β-glucuronidase bacteria seem to modulate the enterohepatic circulation of oestrogens and their resorption, increasing the risk of hormone-dependent BC. Moreover, active phytoestrogens, short-chain fatty acids, lithocholic acid, and cadaverine have been identified as bacterial metabolites influencing the risk and prognosis of BC. As in gut, links are also being made with local microbiota of tumoural and healthy breast tissues. In breast microbiota, different microbial signatures have been reported, with distinct patterns per stage and biological subtype. Total bacterial DNA load was lower in tumour tissue and advanced-stage BC when compared with healthy tissue and early stage BC, respectively. Hypothetically, these findings reflect local dysbiosis, potentially creating an environment that favours breast tumour carcinogenesis (oncogenic trigger), or the natural selection of microorganisms adapted to a specific microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the origin, composition, and dynamic evolution of human microbiota, the links between gut/breast microbiota and BC, and explore the potential implications of metabolomics and pharmacomicrobiomics that might impact BC development and treatment choices toward a more personalised medicine. Finally, we put in perspective the potential limitations and biases regarding the current microbiota research and provide new horizons for stronger accurate translational and clinical studies that are needed to better elucidate the complex network of interactions between host, microorganisms, and drugs in the field of BC.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.584332/fullbreast cancermicrobiotamicrobiomedysbiosismetabolomicspharmacomicrobiomics |
| spellingShingle | Diogo Alpuim Costa Diogo Alpuim Costa José Guilherme Nobre Marta Vaz Batista Catarina Ribeiro Catarina Calle Catarina Calle Alfonso Cortes Maximilian Marhold Ida Negreiros Paula Borralho Paula Borralho Paula Borralho Paula Borralho Miguel Brito Javier Cortes Javier Cortes Javier Cortes Sofia Azambuja Braga Sofia Azambuja Braga Sofia Azambuja Braga Luís Costa Luís Costa Luís Costa Luís Costa Human Microbiota and Breast Cancer—Is There Any Relevant Link?—A Literature Review and New Horizons Toward Personalised Medicine Frontiers in Microbiology breast cancer microbiota microbiome dysbiosis metabolomics pharmacomicrobiomics |
| title | Human Microbiota and Breast Cancer—Is There Any Relevant Link?—A Literature Review and New Horizons Toward Personalised Medicine |
| title_full | Human Microbiota and Breast Cancer—Is There Any Relevant Link?—A Literature Review and New Horizons Toward Personalised Medicine |
| title_fullStr | Human Microbiota and Breast Cancer—Is There Any Relevant Link?—A Literature Review and New Horizons Toward Personalised Medicine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human Microbiota and Breast Cancer—Is There Any Relevant Link?—A Literature Review and New Horizons Toward Personalised Medicine |
| title_short | Human Microbiota and Breast Cancer—Is There Any Relevant Link?—A Literature Review and New Horizons Toward Personalised Medicine |
| title_sort | human microbiota and breast cancer is there any relevant link a literature review and new horizons toward personalised medicine |
| topic | breast cancer microbiota microbiome dysbiosis metabolomics pharmacomicrobiomics |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.584332/full |
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