Frailty and risks of all-cause and cause-specific death in community-dwelling adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract Background The associations of frailty with all-cause and cause-specific mortality remain unclear. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to fill this gap. Methods We searched the PubMed and Embase databases through June 2022. Prospective cohort studies or clinical trials examining frai...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2022-09-01
|
| Series: | BMC Geriatrics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03404-w |
| _version_ | 1798032316513124352 |
|---|---|
| author | Yang Peng Guo-Chao Zhong Xiaoli Zhou Lijuan Guan Lihua Zhou |
| author_facet | Yang Peng Guo-Chao Zhong Xiaoli Zhou Lijuan Guan Lihua Zhou |
| author_sort | Yang Peng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The associations of frailty with all-cause and cause-specific mortality remain unclear. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to fill this gap. Methods We searched the PubMed and Embase databases through June 2022. Prospective cohort studies or clinical trials examining frailty were evaluated, and the multiple adjusted risk estimates of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, such as death from cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, respiratory illness, dementia, infection, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), were included. A random effects model was used to calculate the summary hazard ratio (HR). Results Fifty-eight studies were included for the qualitative systematic review, of which fifty-six studies were eligible for the quantitative meta-analysis, and the studies included a total of 1,852,951 individuals and more than 145,276 deaths. Compared with healthy adults, frail adults had a significantly higher risk of mortality from all causes (HR 2.40; 95% CI 2.17–2.65), CVD (HR 2.64; 95% CI 2.20–3.17), respiratory illness (HR 4.91; 95% CI 2.97–8.12), and cancer (HR 1.97; 95% CI 1.50–2.57). Similar results were found for the association between prefrail adults and mortality risk. In addition, based on the studies that have reported the HRs of the mortality risk per 0.1 and per 0.01 increase in the frailty index, we obtained consistent results. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that frailty was not only significantly related to an increased risk of all-cause mortality but was also a strong predictor of cause-specific mortality from CVD, cancer, and respiratory illness in community-dwelling adults. More studies are warranted to clarify the relationship between frailty and cause-specific mortality from dementia, infection, and COVID-19. Trial registration PROSPERO (CRD42021276021). |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:12:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c915c888eb7b4bbc8dad5507643e980c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2318 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:12:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Geriatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-c915c888eb7b4bbc8dad5507643e980c2022-12-22T04:05:05ZengBMCBMC Geriatrics1471-23182022-09-0122112110.1186/s12877-022-03404-wFrailty and risks of all-cause and cause-specific death in community-dwelling adults: a systematic review and meta-analysisYang Peng0Guo-Chao Zhong1Xiaoli Zhou2Lijuan Guan3Lihua Zhou4Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People’s HospitalDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaGeriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People’s HospitalGeriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People’s HospitalAbstract Background The associations of frailty with all-cause and cause-specific mortality remain unclear. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to fill this gap. Methods We searched the PubMed and Embase databases through June 2022. Prospective cohort studies or clinical trials examining frailty were evaluated, and the multiple adjusted risk estimates of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, such as death from cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, respiratory illness, dementia, infection, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), were included. A random effects model was used to calculate the summary hazard ratio (HR). Results Fifty-eight studies were included for the qualitative systematic review, of which fifty-six studies were eligible for the quantitative meta-analysis, and the studies included a total of 1,852,951 individuals and more than 145,276 deaths. Compared with healthy adults, frail adults had a significantly higher risk of mortality from all causes (HR 2.40; 95% CI 2.17–2.65), CVD (HR 2.64; 95% CI 2.20–3.17), respiratory illness (HR 4.91; 95% CI 2.97–8.12), and cancer (HR 1.97; 95% CI 1.50–2.57). Similar results were found for the association between prefrail adults and mortality risk. In addition, based on the studies that have reported the HRs of the mortality risk per 0.1 and per 0.01 increase in the frailty index, we obtained consistent results. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that frailty was not only significantly related to an increased risk of all-cause mortality but was also a strong predictor of cause-specific mortality from CVD, cancer, and respiratory illness in community-dwelling adults. More studies are warranted to clarify the relationship between frailty and cause-specific mortality from dementia, infection, and COVID-19. Trial registration PROSPERO (CRD42021276021).https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03404-wFrailtyAll-cause mortalityCause-specific mortalitymeta-analysisCardiovascular diseasecancer |
| spellingShingle | Yang Peng Guo-Chao Zhong Xiaoli Zhou Lijuan Guan Lihua Zhou Frailty and risks of all-cause and cause-specific death in community-dwelling adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis BMC Geriatrics Frailty All-cause mortality Cause-specific mortality meta-analysis Cardiovascular disease cancer |
| title | Frailty and risks of all-cause and cause-specific death in community-dwelling adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Frailty and risks of all-cause and cause-specific death in community-dwelling adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Frailty and risks of all-cause and cause-specific death in community-dwelling adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Frailty and risks of all-cause and cause-specific death in community-dwelling adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Frailty and risks of all-cause and cause-specific death in community-dwelling adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | frailty and risks of all cause and cause specific death in community dwelling adults a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | Frailty All-cause mortality Cause-specific mortality meta-analysis Cardiovascular disease cancer |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03404-w |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yangpeng frailtyandrisksofallcauseandcausespecificdeathincommunitydwellingadultsasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT guochaozhong frailtyandrisksofallcauseandcausespecificdeathincommunitydwellingadultsasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT xiaolizhou frailtyandrisksofallcauseandcausespecificdeathincommunitydwellingadultsasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT lijuanguan frailtyandrisksofallcauseandcausespecificdeathincommunitydwellingadultsasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT lihuazhou frailtyandrisksofallcauseandcausespecificdeathincommunitydwellingadultsasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis |