Neurochemical Alterations in Sudden Unexplained Perinatal Deaths—A Review
Sudden unexpected perinatal collapse is a major trauma for the parents of victims. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is unexpected and mysterious death of an apparently healthy neonate from birth till 1 year of age without any known causes, even after thorough postmortem investigations. However, t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fped.2018.00006/full |
| _version_ | 1798046341674303488 |
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| author | Nazeer Muhammad Muhammad Sharif Javeria Amin Riffat Mehboob Riffat Mehboob Syed Amir Gilani Nargis Bibi Nargis Bibi Hasnain Javed Naseer Ahmed Naseer Ahmed Naseer Ahmed |
| author_facet | Nazeer Muhammad Muhammad Sharif Javeria Amin Riffat Mehboob Riffat Mehboob Syed Amir Gilani Nargis Bibi Nargis Bibi Hasnain Javed Naseer Ahmed Naseer Ahmed Naseer Ahmed |
| author_sort | Nazeer Muhammad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sudden unexpected perinatal collapse is a major trauma for the parents of victims. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is unexpected and mysterious death of an apparently healthy neonate from birth till 1 year of age without any known causes, even after thorough postmortem investigations. However, the incidence of sudden intrauterine unexplained death syndrome (SIUDS) is seven times higher as compared with SIDS. This observation is approximated 40–80%. Stillbirth is defined as death of a fetus after 20th week of gestation or just before delivery at full term without a known reason. Pakistan has the highest burden of stillbirth in the world. This basis of SIDS, SIUDS, and stillbirths eludes specialists. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors behind failure in control of these unexplained deaths and how research may go ahead with improved prospects. Animal models and physiological data demonstrate that sleep, arousal, and cardiorespiratory malfunctioning are abnormal mechanisms in SIUDS risk factors or in newborn children who subsequently die from SIDS. This review focuses on insights in neuropathology and mechanisms of SIDS and SIUDS in terms of different receptors involved in this major perinatal demise. Several studies conducted in the past decade have confirmed neuropathological and neurochemical anomalies related to serotonin transporter, substance P, acetylcholine α7 nicotine receptors, etc., in sudden unexplained fetal and infant deaths. There is need to focus more on research in this area to unveil the major curtain to neuroprotection by underlying mechanisms leading to such deaths. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T23:36:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c91dd3db80c743718da122658c593a9f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T23:36:15Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-c91dd3db80c743718da122658c593a9f2022-12-22T03:56:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602018-01-01610.3389/fped.2018.00006274860Neurochemical Alterations in Sudden Unexplained Perinatal Deaths—A ReviewNazeer Muhammad0Muhammad Sharif1Javeria Amin2Riffat Mehboob3Riffat Mehboob4Syed Amir Gilani5Nargis Bibi6Nargis Bibi7Hasnain Javed8Naseer Ahmed9Naseer Ahmed10Naseer Ahmed11COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Wah Cantonment, PakistanCOMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Wah Cantonment, PakistanCOMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Wah Cantonment, PakistanResearch Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, PakistanUniversity Institute of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, PakistanResearch Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, PakistanCOMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Wah Cantonment, PakistanDepartment of Computer Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, PakistanDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, PakistanResearch Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, PakistanMedical School, University of Verona, Verona, ItalyFaculty of Health Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, PakistanSudden unexpected perinatal collapse is a major trauma for the parents of victims. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is unexpected and mysterious death of an apparently healthy neonate from birth till 1 year of age without any known causes, even after thorough postmortem investigations. However, the incidence of sudden intrauterine unexplained death syndrome (SIUDS) is seven times higher as compared with SIDS. This observation is approximated 40–80%. Stillbirth is defined as death of a fetus after 20th week of gestation or just before delivery at full term without a known reason. Pakistan has the highest burden of stillbirth in the world. This basis of SIDS, SIUDS, and stillbirths eludes specialists. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors behind failure in control of these unexplained deaths and how research may go ahead with improved prospects. Animal models and physiological data demonstrate that sleep, arousal, and cardiorespiratory malfunctioning are abnormal mechanisms in SIUDS risk factors or in newborn children who subsequently die from SIDS. This review focuses on insights in neuropathology and mechanisms of SIDS and SIUDS in terms of different receptors involved in this major perinatal demise. Several studies conducted in the past decade have confirmed neuropathological and neurochemical anomalies related to serotonin transporter, substance P, acetylcholine α7 nicotine receptors, etc., in sudden unexplained fetal and infant deaths. There is need to focus more on research in this area to unveil the major curtain to neuroprotection by underlying mechanisms leading to such deaths.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fped.2018.00006/fullsudden infant deathsudden perinatal deathstillbirthneuropathologysudden intrauterine deathneurochemicals |
| spellingShingle | Nazeer Muhammad Muhammad Sharif Javeria Amin Riffat Mehboob Riffat Mehboob Syed Amir Gilani Nargis Bibi Nargis Bibi Hasnain Javed Naseer Ahmed Naseer Ahmed Naseer Ahmed Neurochemical Alterations in Sudden Unexplained Perinatal Deaths—A Review Frontiers in Pediatrics sudden infant death sudden perinatal death stillbirth neuropathology sudden intrauterine death neurochemicals |
| title | Neurochemical Alterations in Sudden Unexplained Perinatal Deaths—A Review |
| title_full | Neurochemical Alterations in Sudden Unexplained Perinatal Deaths—A Review |
| title_fullStr | Neurochemical Alterations in Sudden Unexplained Perinatal Deaths—A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neurochemical Alterations in Sudden Unexplained Perinatal Deaths—A Review |
| title_short | Neurochemical Alterations in Sudden Unexplained Perinatal Deaths—A Review |
| title_sort | neurochemical alterations in sudden unexplained perinatal deaths a review |
| topic | sudden infant death sudden perinatal death stillbirth neuropathology sudden intrauterine death neurochemicals |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fped.2018.00006/full |
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