Toxicity of <i>Kadsura coccinea</i> (Lem.) A. C. Sm. Essential Oil to the Bed Bug, <i>Cimex lectularius</i> L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)
<i>Kadsura coccinea</i> (Lem.) A.C. Smith is an evergreen, woody climbing plant that is widely distributed throughout southwest mainland China. Extracts of this plant are used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of various diseases, like cancer and dermatosis, and as...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/10/6/162 |
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| author | Junaid U. Rehman Mei Wang Yupei Yang Yongbei Liu Bin Li Yan Qin Wei Wang Amar G. Chittiboyina Ikhlas A. Khan |
| author_facet | Junaid U. Rehman Mei Wang Yupei Yang Yongbei Liu Bin Li Yan Qin Wei Wang Amar G. Chittiboyina Ikhlas A. Khan |
| author_sort | Junaid U. Rehman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Kadsura coccinea</i> (Lem.) A.C. Smith is an evergreen, woody climbing plant that is widely distributed throughout southwest mainland China. Extracts of this plant are used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of various diseases, like cancer and dermatosis, and as an anodyne to relieve pain, while the leaves are used to treat eczema. In the current study, the toxicity of essential oil from its stem (EOKC) was studied against two strains of bed bugs (<i>Cimex lectularius</i>). Essential oil from the plant was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. The major compound identified was β-caryophyllene (24.73%), followed by caryophyllene oxide (5.91%), α-humulene (3.48%), and β-pinene (2.54%). Preliminary screening was performed by topically delivering a 1 µL droplet of the treatments dissolved in acetone. At 24 h after treatment, the EOKC induced mortality rates of 61.9% and 66.7% in the Bayonne and Ft. Dix strains, respectively, at 100 µg/bug. Four major compounds—β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, α-humulene, and β-pinene—were selected based on their availability and were subjected to topical, residual, and fumigation methods. When applied topically, only β-caryophyllene induced high toxicity in both strains. None of the selected compounds induced significant toxicity in the residual and fumigation methods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:54:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c9327a3647f54405b25fc6a393aa2ce5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:54:10Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-c9327a3647f54405b25fc6a393aa2ce52022-12-22T01:56:57ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502019-06-0110616210.3390/insects10060162insects10060162Toxicity of <i>Kadsura coccinea</i> (Lem.) A. C. Sm. Essential Oil to the Bed Bug, <i>Cimex lectularius</i> L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)Junaid U. Rehman0Mei Wang1Yupei Yang2Yongbei Liu3Bin Li4Yan Qin5Wei Wang6Amar G. Chittiboyina7Ikhlas A. Khan8National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USANational Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USATCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, ChinaTCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, ChinaTCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, ChinaTCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, ChinaTCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, ChinaNational Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USANational Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA<i>Kadsura coccinea</i> (Lem.) A.C. Smith is an evergreen, woody climbing plant that is widely distributed throughout southwest mainland China. Extracts of this plant are used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of various diseases, like cancer and dermatosis, and as an anodyne to relieve pain, while the leaves are used to treat eczema. In the current study, the toxicity of essential oil from its stem (EOKC) was studied against two strains of bed bugs (<i>Cimex lectularius</i>). Essential oil from the plant was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. The major compound identified was β-caryophyllene (24.73%), followed by caryophyllene oxide (5.91%), α-humulene (3.48%), and β-pinene (2.54%). Preliminary screening was performed by topically delivering a 1 µL droplet of the treatments dissolved in acetone. At 24 h after treatment, the EOKC induced mortality rates of 61.9% and 66.7% in the Bayonne and Ft. Dix strains, respectively, at 100 µg/bug. Four major compounds—β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, α-humulene, and β-pinene—were selected based on their availability and were subjected to topical, residual, and fumigation methods. When applied topically, only β-caryophyllene induced high toxicity in both strains. None of the selected compounds induced significant toxicity in the residual and fumigation methods.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/10/6/162bed bug<i>Kadsura coccinea</i>topical toxicityβ-caryophyllene |
| spellingShingle | Junaid U. Rehman Mei Wang Yupei Yang Yongbei Liu Bin Li Yan Qin Wei Wang Amar G. Chittiboyina Ikhlas A. Khan Toxicity of <i>Kadsura coccinea</i> (Lem.) A. C. Sm. Essential Oil to the Bed Bug, <i>Cimex lectularius</i> L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Insects bed bug <i>Kadsura coccinea</i> topical toxicity β-caryophyllene |
| title | Toxicity of <i>Kadsura coccinea</i> (Lem.) A. C. Sm. Essential Oil to the Bed Bug, <i>Cimex lectularius</i> L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) |
| title_full | Toxicity of <i>Kadsura coccinea</i> (Lem.) A. C. Sm. Essential Oil to the Bed Bug, <i>Cimex lectularius</i> L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) |
| title_fullStr | Toxicity of <i>Kadsura coccinea</i> (Lem.) A. C. Sm. Essential Oil to the Bed Bug, <i>Cimex lectularius</i> L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxicity of <i>Kadsura coccinea</i> (Lem.) A. C. Sm. Essential Oil to the Bed Bug, <i>Cimex lectularius</i> L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) |
| title_short | Toxicity of <i>Kadsura coccinea</i> (Lem.) A. C. Sm. Essential Oil to the Bed Bug, <i>Cimex lectularius</i> L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) |
| title_sort | toxicity of i kadsura coccinea i lem a c sm essential oil to the bed bug i cimex lectularius i l hemiptera cimicidae |
| topic | bed bug <i>Kadsura coccinea</i> topical toxicity β-caryophyllene |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/10/6/162 |
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