Inhibitory activities of propolis, nisin, melittin and essential oil compounds on Paenibacillus alvei and Bacillus subtilis
Abstract Background Natural products represent important sources of antimicrobial compounds. Propolis and compounds from essential oils comprise good examples of such substances because of their inhibitory effects on bacterial spores, including bee pathogens. Methods Ethanol extracts of propolis (...
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| Format: | Article |
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SciELO
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases |
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| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992022000100318&tlng=en |
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| author | Alessandra Aguirra Sani Ana Flávia Marques Pereira Alessandra Furlanetto Débora Silva Marques de Sousa Tatiane Baptista Zapata Vera Lucia Mores Rall Ary Fernandes Júnior |
| author_facet | Alessandra Aguirra Sani Ana Flávia Marques Pereira Alessandra Furlanetto Débora Silva Marques de Sousa Tatiane Baptista Zapata Vera Lucia Mores Rall Ary Fernandes Júnior |
| author_sort | Alessandra Aguirra Sani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Natural products represent important sources of antimicrobial compounds. Propolis and compounds from essential oils comprise good examples of such substances because of their inhibitory effects on bacterial spores, including bee pathogens. Methods Ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) from Apis mellifera were prepared using different methods: double ultrasonication, double maceration and maceration associated with ultrasonication. Together with the antimicrobial peptides nisin and melittin, and compounds present in the essential oils of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), assays were carried out on one Bacillus subtilis isolate and Paenibacillus alvei (ATCC 6344) against vegetative and sporulated forms, using the resazurin microtiter assay. Synergism with all the antimicrobials in association with tetracycline was verified by the time-kill curve method. Potassium and phosphate efflux, release of proteins and nucleic acids were investigated. Results EEPs showed the same MIC, 156.25 µg/mL against B. subtilis and 78.12 µg/mL against P. alvei. The peptides showed better activities against B. subtilis (MIC of 12 µg/mL for melittin and 37.50 µg/mL for nisin). Antimicrobials showed similar inhibitory effects, but cinnamaldehyde (39.06 µg/mL) showed the best action against P. alvei. Melittin and nisin showed the greatest capacity to reduce spores, regarding B. subtilis there was a 100% reduction at 6.25 and 0.78 µg/mL, respectively. Concerning P. alvei, the reduction was 93 and 98% at concentrations of 80 µg/mL of melittin and 15 µg/mL of nisin. EEPs showed the highest effects on the protein release against B. subtilis and P. alvei. Nucleic acid release, phosphate and potassium efflux assays indicated bacterial cell membrane damage. Synergism between antimicrobials and tetracycline was demonstrated against both bacteria. Conclusion All antimicrobials tested showed antibacterial activities against vegetative and sporulated forms of P. alvei and B. subtilis, especially nisin and melittin. Synergism with tetracycline and damage on bacterial cell membrane also occurred. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T04:42:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c93fd0edb5e54ff092558697d9fcddeb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1678-9199 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T04:42:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | SciELO |
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| series | Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-c93fd0edb5e54ff092558697d9fcddeb2022-12-22T03:47:35ZengSciELOJournal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases1678-91992022-09-012810.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2022-0025Inhibitory activities of propolis, nisin, melittin and essential oil compounds on Paenibacillus alvei and Bacillus subtilisAlessandra Aguirra Sanihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0828-9799Ana Flávia Marques Pereirahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2925-8545Alessandra Furlanettohttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-0416Débora Silva Marques de Sousahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7301-7909Tatiane Baptista Zapatahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7653-184XVera Lucia Mores Rallhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4280-5619Ary Fernandes Júniorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2744-2824Abstract Background Natural products represent important sources of antimicrobial compounds. Propolis and compounds from essential oils comprise good examples of such substances because of their inhibitory effects on bacterial spores, including bee pathogens. Methods Ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) from Apis mellifera were prepared using different methods: double ultrasonication, double maceration and maceration associated with ultrasonication. Together with the antimicrobial peptides nisin and melittin, and compounds present in the essential oils of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), assays were carried out on one Bacillus subtilis isolate and Paenibacillus alvei (ATCC 6344) against vegetative and sporulated forms, using the resazurin microtiter assay. Synergism with all the antimicrobials in association with tetracycline was verified by the time-kill curve method. Potassium and phosphate efflux, release of proteins and nucleic acids were investigated. Results EEPs showed the same MIC, 156.25 µg/mL against B. subtilis and 78.12 µg/mL against P. alvei. The peptides showed better activities against B. subtilis (MIC of 12 µg/mL for melittin and 37.50 µg/mL for nisin). Antimicrobials showed similar inhibitory effects, but cinnamaldehyde (39.06 µg/mL) showed the best action against P. alvei. Melittin and nisin showed the greatest capacity to reduce spores, regarding B. subtilis there was a 100% reduction at 6.25 and 0.78 µg/mL, respectively. Concerning P. alvei, the reduction was 93 and 98% at concentrations of 80 µg/mL of melittin and 15 µg/mL of nisin. EEPs showed the highest effects on the protein release against B. subtilis and P. alvei. Nucleic acid release, phosphate and potassium efflux assays indicated bacterial cell membrane damage. Synergism between antimicrobials and tetracycline was demonstrated against both bacteria. Conclusion All antimicrobials tested showed antibacterial activities against vegetative and sporulated forms of P. alvei and B. subtilis, especially nisin and melittin. Synergism with tetracycline and damage on bacterial cell membrane also occurred.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992022000100318&tlng=enSporicidal activityApis melliferaCinnamaldehydeEugenolMelittinNisinSynergismTetracycline |
| spellingShingle | Alessandra Aguirra Sani Ana Flávia Marques Pereira Alessandra Furlanetto Débora Silva Marques de Sousa Tatiane Baptista Zapata Vera Lucia Mores Rall Ary Fernandes Júnior Inhibitory activities of propolis, nisin, melittin and essential oil compounds on Paenibacillus alvei and Bacillus subtilis Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases Sporicidal activity Apis mellifera Cinnamaldehyde Eugenol Melittin Nisin Synergism Tetracycline |
| title | Inhibitory activities of propolis, nisin, melittin and essential oil compounds on Paenibacillus alvei and Bacillus subtilis |
| title_full | Inhibitory activities of propolis, nisin, melittin and essential oil compounds on Paenibacillus alvei and Bacillus subtilis |
| title_fullStr | Inhibitory activities of propolis, nisin, melittin and essential oil compounds on Paenibacillus alvei and Bacillus subtilis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inhibitory activities of propolis, nisin, melittin and essential oil compounds on Paenibacillus alvei and Bacillus subtilis |
| title_short | Inhibitory activities of propolis, nisin, melittin and essential oil compounds on Paenibacillus alvei and Bacillus subtilis |
| title_sort | inhibitory activities of propolis nisin melittin and essential oil compounds on paenibacillus alvei and bacillus subtilis |
| topic | Sporicidal activity Apis mellifera Cinnamaldehyde Eugenol Melittin Nisin Synergism Tetracycline |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992022000100318&tlng=en |
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