Macrolides at Clinically-Relevant Concentrations May Induce Biofilm Formation in Macrolide-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
Macrolides inhibit biofilm formation in several Gram-negative, intrinsically-resistant bacterial species. However, the effect of macrolides upon biofilm formation by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria has been much less explored as such concentrations also inhibit cell growth. To circumvent this pro...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/2/187 |
| _version_ | 1797622795103895552 |
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| author | Carlos F. Amábile-Cuevas |
| author_facet | Carlos F. Amábile-Cuevas |
| author_sort | Carlos F. Amábile-Cuevas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Macrolides inhibit biofilm formation in several Gram-negative, intrinsically-resistant bacterial species. However, the effect of macrolides upon biofilm formation by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria has been much less explored as such concentrations also inhibit cell growth. To circumvent this problem, the effect of macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin) at 0.5–2 µg/mL, upon biofilm formation, was explored on macrolide-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolates, using the crystal violet assay with 96-well plates. Early (4 h) biofilm formation by strains having constitutive target-modification resistance was consistently induced by all macrolides but not in azithromycin-treated cells in longer (8 and 12 h) incubation. In inducible-resistance isolates, early biofilm formation was enhanced by some macrolide treatments, compared to similar cell growth in the absence of antibiotics; but the typical decay of biofilms at longer incubation appeared prematurely in macrolide-treated cultures. Biofilm formation in an efflux-mediated resistant isolate was not affected by macrolides. These results indicate that macrolides induce the formation of biofilm by resistant <i>S. aureus</i> isolates, especially during the early stages. This suggests that the empirical use of macrolides against infections caused by resistant <i>S. aureus</i> strains could not only result in clinical failure but even in the enhancement of biofilms, making further treatment difficult. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:16:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c96ad676c78144dfb799e9793100fc3b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:16:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-c96ad676c78144dfb799e9793100fc3b2023-11-16T18:41:26ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822023-01-0112218710.3390/antibiotics12020187Macrolides at Clinically-Relevant Concentrations May Induce Biofilm Formation in Macrolide-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Carlos F. Amábile-Cuevas0Fundacion Lusara, Mexico City 08810, MexicoMacrolides inhibit biofilm formation in several Gram-negative, intrinsically-resistant bacterial species. However, the effect of macrolides upon biofilm formation by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria has been much less explored as such concentrations also inhibit cell growth. To circumvent this problem, the effect of macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin) at 0.5–2 µg/mL, upon biofilm formation, was explored on macrolide-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolates, using the crystal violet assay with 96-well plates. Early (4 h) biofilm formation by strains having constitutive target-modification resistance was consistently induced by all macrolides but not in azithromycin-treated cells in longer (8 and 12 h) incubation. In inducible-resistance isolates, early biofilm formation was enhanced by some macrolide treatments, compared to similar cell growth in the absence of antibiotics; but the typical decay of biofilms at longer incubation appeared prematurely in macrolide-treated cultures. Biofilm formation in an efflux-mediated resistant isolate was not affected by macrolides. These results indicate that macrolides induce the formation of biofilm by resistant <i>S. aureus</i> isolates, especially during the early stages. This suggests that the empirical use of macrolides against infections caused by resistant <i>S. aureus</i> strains could not only result in clinical failure but even in the enhancement of biofilms, making further treatment difficult.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/2/187Biofilm<i>S. aureus</i>macrolideserythromycinclarithromycinazithromycin |
| spellingShingle | Carlos F. Amábile-Cuevas Macrolides at Clinically-Relevant Concentrations May Induce Biofilm Formation in Macrolide-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Antibiotics Biofilm <i>S. aureus</i> macrolides erythromycin clarithromycin azithromycin |
| title | Macrolides at Clinically-Relevant Concentrations May Induce Biofilm Formation in Macrolide-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_full | Macrolides at Clinically-Relevant Concentrations May Induce Biofilm Formation in Macrolide-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_fullStr | Macrolides at Clinically-Relevant Concentrations May Induce Biofilm Formation in Macrolide-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Macrolides at Clinically-Relevant Concentrations May Induce Biofilm Formation in Macrolide-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_short | Macrolides at Clinically-Relevant Concentrations May Induce Biofilm Formation in Macrolide-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_sort | macrolides at clinically relevant concentrations may induce biofilm formation in macrolide resistant i staphylococcus aureus i |
| topic | Biofilm <i>S. aureus</i> macrolides erythromycin clarithromycin azithromycin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/2/187 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT carlosfamabilecuevas macrolidesatclinicallyrelevantconcentrationsmayinducebiofilmformationinmacrolideresistantistaphylococcusaureusi |