Biological clocks: their relevance to immune-allergic diseases
Abstract The 2017 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, awarded for the discoveries made in the past 15 years on the genetic and molecular mechanisms regulating many physiological functions, has renewed the attention to the importance of circadian rhythms. These originate from a central pacemaker...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Clinical and Molecular Allergy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12948-018-0080-0 |
| _version_ | 1828970582669000704 |
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| author | Roberto Paganelli Claudia Petrarca Mario Di Gioacchino |
| author_facet | Roberto Paganelli Claudia Petrarca Mario Di Gioacchino |
| author_sort | Roberto Paganelli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The 2017 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, awarded for the discoveries made in the past 15 years on the genetic and molecular mechanisms regulating many physiological functions, has renewed the attention to the importance of circadian rhythms. These originate from a central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the brain, photoentrained via direct connection with melanopsin containing, intrinsically light-sensitive retinal ganglion cells, and it projects to periphery, thus creating an inner circadian rhythm. This regulates several activities, including sleep, feeding times, energy metabolism, endocrine and immune functions. Disturbances of these rhythms, mainly of wake/sleep, hormonal secretion and feeding, cause decrease in quality of life, as well as being involved in development of obesity, metabolic syndrome and neuropsychiatric disorders. Most immunological functions, from leukocyte numbers, activity and cytokine secretion undergo circadian variations, which might affect susceptibility to infections. The intensity of symptoms and disease severity show a 24 h pattern in many immunological and allergic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, bronchial asthma, atopic eczema and chronic urticaria. This is accompanied by altered sleep duration and quality, a major determinant of quality of life. Shift work and travel through time zones as well as artificial light pose new health threats by disrupting the circadian rhythms. Finally, the field of chronopharmacology uses these concepts for delivering drugs in synchrony with biological rhythms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T12:53:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c96d1e6825954a69aa31f2aceddf7a2e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1476-7961 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T12:53:18Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical and Molecular Allergy |
| spelling | doaj.art-c96d1e6825954a69aa31f2aceddf7a2e2022-12-21T23:00:38ZengBMCClinical and Molecular Allergy1476-79612018-01-011611810.1186/s12948-018-0080-0Biological clocks: their relevance to immune-allergic diseasesRoberto Paganelli0Claudia Petrarca1Mario Di Gioacchino2Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell’invecchiamento, Università “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-PescaraDipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell’invecchiamento, Università “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-PescaraDipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell’invecchiamento, Università “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-PescaraAbstract The 2017 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, awarded for the discoveries made in the past 15 years on the genetic and molecular mechanisms regulating many physiological functions, has renewed the attention to the importance of circadian rhythms. These originate from a central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the brain, photoentrained via direct connection with melanopsin containing, intrinsically light-sensitive retinal ganglion cells, and it projects to periphery, thus creating an inner circadian rhythm. This regulates several activities, including sleep, feeding times, energy metabolism, endocrine and immune functions. Disturbances of these rhythms, mainly of wake/sleep, hormonal secretion and feeding, cause decrease in quality of life, as well as being involved in development of obesity, metabolic syndrome and neuropsychiatric disorders. Most immunological functions, from leukocyte numbers, activity and cytokine secretion undergo circadian variations, which might affect susceptibility to infections. The intensity of symptoms and disease severity show a 24 h pattern in many immunological and allergic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, bronchial asthma, atopic eczema and chronic urticaria. This is accompanied by altered sleep duration and quality, a major determinant of quality of life. Shift work and travel through time zones as well as artificial light pose new health threats by disrupting the circadian rhythms. Finally, the field of chronopharmacology uses these concepts for delivering drugs in synchrony with biological rhythms.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12948-018-0080-0Circadian rhythmBiological clockImmune systemAllergyChronopharmacologyShift work |
| spellingShingle | Roberto Paganelli Claudia Petrarca Mario Di Gioacchino Biological clocks: their relevance to immune-allergic diseases Clinical and Molecular Allergy Circadian rhythm Biological clock Immune system Allergy Chronopharmacology Shift work |
| title | Biological clocks: their relevance to immune-allergic diseases |
| title_full | Biological clocks: their relevance to immune-allergic diseases |
| title_fullStr | Biological clocks: their relevance to immune-allergic diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biological clocks: their relevance to immune-allergic diseases |
| title_short | Biological clocks: their relevance to immune-allergic diseases |
| title_sort | biological clocks their relevance to immune allergic diseases |
| topic | Circadian rhythm Biological clock Immune system Allergy Chronopharmacology Shift work |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12948-018-0080-0 |
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