Transcriptional and Catalytic Responsiveness of the Antarctic Fish <i>Trematomus bernacchii</i> Antioxidant System toward Multiple Stressors
Ocean-warming and acidification jeopardize Antarctic marine species, adapted to cold and constant conditions and naturally exposed to high pro-oxidant pressures and cadmium (Cd) bioavailability. The aim of this study was to investigate if projected temperature increase and pH reduction may affect th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/3/410 |
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| author | Maria Elisa Giuliani Alessandro Nardi Marta Di Carlo Maura Benedetti Francesco Regoli |
| author_facet | Maria Elisa Giuliani Alessandro Nardi Marta Di Carlo Maura Benedetti Francesco Regoli |
| author_sort | Maria Elisa Giuliani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ocean-warming and acidification jeopardize Antarctic marine species, adapted to cold and constant conditions and naturally exposed to high pro-oxidant pressures and cadmium (Cd) bioavailability. The aim of this study was to investigate if projected temperature increase and pH reduction may affect the accumulation and the effects of Cd in the rockcod <i>Trematomus bernacchii</i>. Organisms were exposed for 14 days to six scenarios, combining environmental or increased temperature (−1 °C, +1 °C) and control or reduced pH (8.05, 7.60), either with or without Cd (40 µg/L). Responses in liver and gills were analyzed at different levels, including mRNA and functional measurements of metallothioneins and of a wide battery of antioxidants, integrated with the evaluation of the total antioxidant capacity and onset of oxidative damages. In the gills, metallothioneins and mRNA of antioxidant genes (<i>nrf2</i>, <i>keap1</i>, <i>cat</i>, <i>gpx1</i>) increased after Cd exposure, but such effects were softened by warming and acidification. Antioxidants showed slighter variations at the enzymatic level, while Cd caused glutathione increase under warming and acidified scenarios. In the liver, due to higher basal antioxidant protection, limited effects were observed. Genotoxic damage increased under the combined stressors scenario. Overall results highlighted the modulation of the oxidative stress response to Cd by multiple stressors, suggesting the vulnerability of <i>T. bernacchii</i> under predicted ocean change scenarios. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:26:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c978a2e1e36f4e8b8dbdc7980ed43cd1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:26:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-c978a2e1e36f4e8b8dbdc7980ed43cd12023-11-21T09:40:44ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-03-0110341010.3390/antiox10030410Transcriptional and Catalytic Responsiveness of the Antarctic Fish <i>Trematomus bernacchii</i> Antioxidant System toward Multiple StressorsMaria Elisa Giuliani0Alessandro Nardi1Marta Di Carlo2Maura Benedetti3Francesco Regoli4Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, ItalyOcean-warming and acidification jeopardize Antarctic marine species, adapted to cold and constant conditions and naturally exposed to high pro-oxidant pressures and cadmium (Cd) bioavailability. The aim of this study was to investigate if projected temperature increase and pH reduction may affect the accumulation and the effects of Cd in the rockcod <i>Trematomus bernacchii</i>. Organisms were exposed for 14 days to six scenarios, combining environmental or increased temperature (−1 °C, +1 °C) and control or reduced pH (8.05, 7.60), either with or without Cd (40 µg/L). Responses in liver and gills were analyzed at different levels, including mRNA and functional measurements of metallothioneins and of a wide battery of antioxidants, integrated with the evaluation of the total antioxidant capacity and onset of oxidative damages. In the gills, metallothioneins and mRNA of antioxidant genes (<i>nrf2</i>, <i>keap1</i>, <i>cat</i>, <i>gpx1</i>) increased after Cd exposure, but such effects were softened by warming and acidification. Antioxidants showed slighter variations at the enzymatic level, while Cd caused glutathione increase under warming and acidified scenarios. In the liver, due to higher basal antioxidant protection, limited effects were observed. Genotoxic damage increased under the combined stressors scenario. Overall results highlighted the modulation of the oxidative stress response to Cd by multiple stressors, suggesting the vulnerability of <i>T. bernacchii</i> under predicted ocean change scenarios.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/3/410Antarctic fishtrace metalsclimate changemultiple stressorsoxidative stressNrf2-Keap1 |
| spellingShingle | Maria Elisa Giuliani Alessandro Nardi Marta Di Carlo Maura Benedetti Francesco Regoli Transcriptional and Catalytic Responsiveness of the Antarctic Fish <i>Trematomus bernacchii</i> Antioxidant System toward Multiple Stressors Antioxidants Antarctic fish trace metals climate change multiple stressors oxidative stress Nrf2-Keap1 |
| title | Transcriptional and Catalytic Responsiveness of the Antarctic Fish <i>Trematomus bernacchii</i> Antioxidant System toward Multiple Stressors |
| title_full | Transcriptional and Catalytic Responsiveness of the Antarctic Fish <i>Trematomus bernacchii</i> Antioxidant System toward Multiple Stressors |
| title_fullStr | Transcriptional and Catalytic Responsiveness of the Antarctic Fish <i>Trematomus bernacchii</i> Antioxidant System toward Multiple Stressors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transcriptional and Catalytic Responsiveness of the Antarctic Fish <i>Trematomus bernacchii</i> Antioxidant System toward Multiple Stressors |
| title_short | Transcriptional and Catalytic Responsiveness of the Antarctic Fish <i>Trematomus bernacchii</i> Antioxidant System toward Multiple Stressors |
| title_sort | transcriptional and catalytic responsiveness of the antarctic fish i trematomus bernacchii i antioxidant system toward multiple stressors |
| topic | Antarctic fish trace metals climate change multiple stressors oxidative stress Nrf2-Keap1 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/3/410 |
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