Compression Behaviour of Wire + Arc Additive Manufactured Structures
Increasing demand for producing large-scale metal components via additive manufacturing requires relatively high building rate processes, such as wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). For the industrial implementation of this technology, a throughout understanding of material behaviour is needed...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/6/877 |
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| author | Masoud Abbaszadeh Volker Ventzke Leonor Neto Stefan Riekehr Filomeno Martina Nikolai Kashaev Jan Hönnige Stewart Williams Benjamin Klusemann |
| author_facet | Masoud Abbaszadeh Volker Ventzke Leonor Neto Stefan Riekehr Filomeno Martina Nikolai Kashaev Jan Hönnige Stewart Williams Benjamin Klusemann |
| author_sort | Masoud Abbaszadeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Increasing demand for producing large-scale metal components via additive manufacturing requires relatively high building rate processes, such as wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). For the industrial implementation of this technology, a throughout understanding of material behaviour is needed. In the present work, structures of Ti-6Al-4V, AA2319 and S355JR steel fabricated by means of WAAM were investigated and compared with respect to their mechanical and microstructural properties, in particular under compression loading. The microstructure of WAAM specimens is assessed by scanning electron microscopy, electron back-scatter diffraction, and optical microscopy. In Ti-6Al-4V, the results show that the presence of the basal and prismatic crystal planes in normal direction lead to an anisotropic behaviour under compression. Although AA2319 shows initially an isotropic plastic behaviour, the directional porosity distribution leads to an anisotropic behaviour at final stages of the compression tests before failure. In S355JR steel, isotropic mechanical behaviour is observed due to the presence of a relatively homogeneous microstructure. Microhardness is related to grain morphology variations, where higher hardness near the inter-layer grain boundaries for Ti-6Al-4V and AA2319 as well as within the refined regions in S355JR steel is observed. In summary, this study analyzes and compares the behaviour of three different materials fabricated by WAAM under compression loading, an important loading condition in mechanical post-processing techniques of WAAM structures, such as rolling. In this regard, the data can also be utilized for future modelling activities in this direction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:58:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c99569669ff740589acb7b3e9cb6e6ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:58:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-c99569669ff740589acb7b3e9cb6e6ca2023-11-21T21:41:55ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012021-05-0111687710.3390/met11060877Compression Behaviour of Wire + Arc Additive Manufactured StructuresMasoud Abbaszadeh0Volker Ventzke1Leonor Neto2Stefan Riekehr3Filomeno Martina4Nikolai Kashaev5Jan Hönnige6Stewart Williams7Benjamin Klusemann8Institute of Product and Process Innovation, Leuphana University of Lueneburg, Universitatsallee 1, 21335 Lueneburg, GermanyHelmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Materials Mechanics, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, GermanyWelding Engineering and Laser Processing Centre, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UKHelmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Materials Mechanics, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, GermanyWAAM3D Ltd., 5 Thornton Chase, Milton Keynes MK14 6FD, UKHelmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Materials Mechanics, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, GermanyWelding Engineering and Laser Processing Centre, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UKWelding Engineering and Laser Processing Centre, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UKInstitute of Product and Process Innovation, Leuphana University of Lueneburg, Universitatsallee 1, 21335 Lueneburg, GermanyIncreasing demand for producing large-scale metal components via additive manufacturing requires relatively high building rate processes, such as wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). For the industrial implementation of this technology, a throughout understanding of material behaviour is needed. In the present work, structures of Ti-6Al-4V, AA2319 and S355JR steel fabricated by means of WAAM were investigated and compared with respect to their mechanical and microstructural properties, in particular under compression loading. The microstructure of WAAM specimens is assessed by scanning electron microscopy, electron back-scatter diffraction, and optical microscopy. In Ti-6Al-4V, the results show that the presence of the basal and prismatic crystal planes in normal direction lead to an anisotropic behaviour under compression. Although AA2319 shows initially an isotropic plastic behaviour, the directional porosity distribution leads to an anisotropic behaviour at final stages of the compression tests before failure. In S355JR steel, isotropic mechanical behaviour is observed due to the presence of a relatively homogeneous microstructure. Microhardness is related to grain morphology variations, where higher hardness near the inter-layer grain boundaries for Ti-6Al-4V and AA2319 as well as within the refined regions in S355JR steel is observed. In summary, this study analyzes and compares the behaviour of three different materials fabricated by WAAM under compression loading, an important loading condition in mechanical post-processing techniques of WAAM structures, such as rolling. In this regard, the data can also be utilized for future modelling activities in this direction.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/6/877AA2319compression testEBSDS355JR steelTi-6Al-4V |
| spellingShingle | Masoud Abbaszadeh Volker Ventzke Leonor Neto Stefan Riekehr Filomeno Martina Nikolai Kashaev Jan Hönnige Stewart Williams Benjamin Klusemann Compression Behaviour of Wire + Arc Additive Manufactured Structures Metals AA2319 compression test EBSD S355JR steel Ti-6Al-4V |
| title | Compression Behaviour of Wire + Arc Additive Manufactured Structures |
| title_full | Compression Behaviour of Wire + Arc Additive Manufactured Structures |
| title_fullStr | Compression Behaviour of Wire + Arc Additive Manufactured Structures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Compression Behaviour of Wire + Arc Additive Manufactured Structures |
| title_short | Compression Behaviour of Wire + Arc Additive Manufactured Structures |
| title_sort | compression behaviour of wire arc additive manufactured structures |
| topic | AA2319 compression test EBSD S355JR steel Ti-6Al-4V |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/6/877 |
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