The Multifaceted Roles of Proline in Cell Behavior
Herein, we review the multifaceted roles of proline in cell biology. This peculiar cyclic imino acid is: (i) A main precursor of extracellular collagens (the most abundant human proteins), antimicrobial peptides (involved in innate immunity), salivary proteins (astringency, teeth health) and cornifi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.728576/full |
| _version_ | 1831655613260627968 |
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| author | Eduardo J. Patriarca Federica Cermola Cristina D’Aniello Annalisa Fico Ombretta Guardiola Dario De Cesare Gabriella Minchiotti |
| author_facet | Eduardo J. Patriarca Federica Cermola Cristina D’Aniello Annalisa Fico Ombretta Guardiola Dario De Cesare Gabriella Minchiotti |
| author_sort | Eduardo J. Patriarca |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Herein, we review the multifaceted roles of proline in cell biology. This peculiar cyclic imino acid is: (i) A main precursor of extracellular collagens (the most abundant human proteins), antimicrobial peptides (involved in innate immunity), salivary proteins (astringency, teeth health) and cornifins (skin permeability); (ii) an energy source for pathogenic bacteria, protozoan parasites, and metastatic cancer cells, which engage in extracellular-protein degradation to invade their host; (iii) an antistress molecule (an osmolyte and chemical chaperone) helpful against various potential harms (UV radiation, drought/salinity, heavy metals, reactive oxygen species); (iv) a neural metabotoxin associated with schizophrenia; (v) a modulator of cell signaling pathways such as the amino acid stress response and extracellular signal-related kinase pathway; (vi) an epigenetic modifier able to promote DNA and histone hypermethylation; (vii) an inducer of proliferation of stem and tumor cells; and (viii) a modulator of cell morphology and migration/invasiveness. We highlight how proline metabolism impacts beneficial tissue regeneration, but also contributes to the progression of devastating pathologies such as fibrosis and metastatic cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T16:51:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c9997dc73f754a6c8ef427970c2a7de1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T16:51:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c9997dc73f754a6c8ef427970c2a7de12022-12-21T20:13:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2021-08-01910.3389/fcell.2021.728576728576The Multifaceted Roles of Proline in Cell BehaviorEduardo J. PatriarcaFederica CermolaCristina D’AnielloAnnalisa FicoOmbretta GuardiolaDario De CesareGabriella MinchiottiHerein, we review the multifaceted roles of proline in cell biology. This peculiar cyclic imino acid is: (i) A main precursor of extracellular collagens (the most abundant human proteins), antimicrobial peptides (involved in innate immunity), salivary proteins (astringency, teeth health) and cornifins (skin permeability); (ii) an energy source for pathogenic bacteria, protozoan parasites, and metastatic cancer cells, which engage in extracellular-protein degradation to invade their host; (iii) an antistress molecule (an osmolyte and chemical chaperone) helpful against various potential harms (UV radiation, drought/salinity, heavy metals, reactive oxygen species); (iv) a neural metabotoxin associated with schizophrenia; (v) a modulator of cell signaling pathways such as the amino acid stress response and extracellular signal-related kinase pathway; (vi) an epigenetic modifier able to promote DNA and histone hypermethylation; (vii) an inducer of proliferation of stem and tumor cells; and (viii) a modulator of cell morphology and migration/invasiveness. We highlight how proline metabolism impacts beneficial tissue regeneration, but also contributes to the progression of devastating pathologies such as fibrosis and metastatic cancer.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.728576/fullproline metabolismcell plasticityextracellular proteinsenergy sourceantistress activityneural toxicity |
| spellingShingle | Eduardo J. Patriarca Federica Cermola Cristina D’Aniello Annalisa Fico Ombretta Guardiola Dario De Cesare Gabriella Minchiotti The Multifaceted Roles of Proline in Cell Behavior Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology proline metabolism cell plasticity extracellular proteins energy source antistress activity neural toxicity |
| title | The Multifaceted Roles of Proline in Cell Behavior |
| title_full | The Multifaceted Roles of Proline in Cell Behavior |
| title_fullStr | The Multifaceted Roles of Proline in Cell Behavior |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Multifaceted Roles of Proline in Cell Behavior |
| title_short | The Multifaceted Roles of Proline in Cell Behavior |
| title_sort | multifaceted roles of proline in cell behavior |
| topic | proline metabolism cell plasticity extracellular proteins energy source antistress activity neural toxicity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.728576/full |
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