An Introduction to the Application of Marine Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Methods for Natural Gas Hydrate Exploration
Natural gas hydrates have been an unconventional source of energy since the beginning of this century. Gas-hydrate-filled reservoirs show higher resistivity values compared with water-filled sediments. Their presence can be detected using marine controlled-source electromagnetic methods. We classify...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/1/34 |
| _version_ | 1797440427740102656 |
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| author | Yuan Li Evert Slob Dieter Werthmüller Lipeng Wang Hailong Lu |
| author_facet | Yuan Li Evert Slob Dieter Werthmüller Lipeng Wang Hailong Lu |
| author_sort | Yuan Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Natural gas hydrates have been an unconventional source of energy since the beginning of this century. Gas-hydrate-filled reservoirs show higher resistivity values compared with water-filled sediments. Their presence can be detected using marine controlled-source electromagnetic methods. We classify acquisition configurations into stationary and moving receiver configurations, which are described in terms of the design group, the operational details, and where they have been used successfully in the field for natural gas hydrate exploration. All configurations showed good numerical results for the detection of a 700 m long gas hydrate reservoir buried 200 m below the seafloor, but only the stationary configurations provided data that can be used to estimate the horizontal boundaries of the resistive part of the reservoir when the burial depth is known from seismic data. We discuss the operational steps of the configurations and provide the steps on how to choose a suitable configuration. Different CSEM configurations were used together with seismic data to estimate the edge of the gas hydrate reservoir and the total volume of the gas hydrates, to optimize the drilling location, to increase production safety, and to improve geological interpretations. It seems that CSEM has become a reliable method to aid in the decision-making process for gas hydrate reservoir appraisal and development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:08:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c9a1b8a5cad9401e8d00d523d1069315 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:08:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-c9a1b8a5cad9401e8d00d523d10693152023-11-30T22:56:15ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122022-12-011113410.3390/jmse11010034An Introduction to the Application of Marine Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Methods for Natural Gas Hydrate ExplorationYuan Li0Evert Slob1Dieter Werthmüller2Lipeng Wang3Hailong Lu4Department of Computer Science, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, ChinaDepartment of Geoscience and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN Delft, The NetherlandsDepartment of Geoscience and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN Delft, The NetherlandsBeihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaBeijing International Centre for Gas Hydrate, School of Geophysics and Information Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaNatural gas hydrates have been an unconventional source of energy since the beginning of this century. Gas-hydrate-filled reservoirs show higher resistivity values compared with water-filled sediments. Their presence can be detected using marine controlled-source electromagnetic methods. We classify acquisition configurations into stationary and moving receiver configurations, which are described in terms of the design group, the operational details, and where they have been used successfully in the field for natural gas hydrate exploration. All configurations showed good numerical results for the detection of a 700 m long gas hydrate reservoir buried 200 m below the seafloor, but only the stationary configurations provided data that can be used to estimate the horizontal boundaries of the resistive part of the reservoir when the burial depth is known from seismic data. We discuss the operational steps of the configurations and provide the steps on how to choose a suitable configuration. Different CSEM configurations were used together with seismic data to estimate the edge of the gas hydrate reservoir and the total volume of the gas hydrates, to optimize the drilling location, to increase production safety, and to improve geological interpretations. It seems that CSEM has become a reliable method to aid in the decision-making process for gas hydrate reservoir appraisal and development.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/1/34marine electromagneticnatural gas hydratesexplorationresistivity |
| spellingShingle | Yuan Li Evert Slob Dieter Werthmüller Lipeng Wang Hailong Lu An Introduction to the Application of Marine Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Methods for Natural Gas Hydrate Exploration Journal of Marine Science and Engineering marine electromagnetic natural gas hydrates exploration resistivity |
| title | An Introduction to the Application of Marine Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Methods for Natural Gas Hydrate Exploration |
| title_full | An Introduction to the Application of Marine Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Methods for Natural Gas Hydrate Exploration |
| title_fullStr | An Introduction to the Application of Marine Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Methods for Natural Gas Hydrate Exploration |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Introduction to the Application of Marine Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Methods for Natural Gas Hydrate Exploration |
| title_short | An Introduction to the Application of Marine Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Methods for Natural Gas Hydrate Exploration |
| title_sort | introduction to the application of marine controlled source electromagnetic methods for natural gas hydrate exploration |
| topic | marine electromagnetic natural gas hydrates exploration resistivity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/1/34 |
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