Overview of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment/Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing on the Mediterranean Climate (ChArMEx/ADRIMED) summer 2013 campaign
The Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx; <a href="http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr" target="_blank">http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr</a>) is a collaborative research program federating international activities to investigate Mediterranean regional chemistry-...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/455/2016/acp-16-455-2016.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818855738601111552 |
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| author | M. Mallet F. Dulac P. Formenti P. Nabat J. Sciare J. Sciare G. Roberts J. Pelon G. Ancellet D. Tanré F. Parol C. Denjean C. Denjean G. Brogniez A. di Sarra L. Alados-Arboledas J. Arndt F. Auriol L. Blarel T. Bourrianne P. Chazette S. Chevaillier M. Claeys B. D'Anna Y. Derimian K. Desboeufs T. Di Iorio J.-F. Doussin P. Durand A. Féron E. Freney C. Gaimoz P. Goloub J. L. Gómez-Amo M. J. Granados-Muñoz N. Grand E. Hamonou I. Jankowiak M. Jeannot J.-F. Léon M. Maillé S. Mailler D. Meloni L. Menut G. Momboisse J. Nicolas J. Nicolas T. Podvin V. Pont G. Rea J.-B. Renard L. Roblou K. Schepanski A. Schwarzenboeck K. Sellegri M. Sicard F. Solmon S. Somot B. Torres J. Totems S. Triquet N. Verdier C. Verwaerde F. Waquet J. Wenger P. Zapf |
| author_facet | M. Mallet F. Dulac P. Formenti P. Nabat J. Sciare J. Sciare G. Roberts J. Pelon G. Ancellet D. Tanré F. Parol C. Denjean C. Denjean G. Brogniez A. di Sarra L. Alados-Arboledas J. Arndt F. Auriol L. Blarel T. Bourrianne P. Chazette S. Chevaillier M. Claeys B. D'Anna Y. Derimian K. Desboeufs T. Di Iorio J.-F. Doussin P. Durand A. Féron E. Freney C. Gaimoz P. Goloub J. L. Gómez-Amo M. J. Granados-Muñoz N. Grand E. Hamonou I. Jankowiak M. Jeannot J.-F. Léon M. Maillé S. Mailler D. Meloni L. Menut G. Momboisse J. Nicolas J. Nicolas T. Podvin V. Pont G. Rea J.-B. Renard L. Roblou K. Schepanski A. Schwarzenboeck K. Sellegri M. Sicard F. Solmon S. Somot B. Torres J. Totems S. Triquet N. Verdier C. Verwaerde F. Waquet J. Wenger P. Zapf |
| author_sort | M. Mallet |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Chemistry-Aerosol
Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx;
<a href="http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr" target="_blank">http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr</a>) is a collaborative research program
federating international activities to investigate Mediterranean regional
chemistry-climate interactions. A special observing period (SOP-1a) including
intensive airborne measurements was performed in the framework of the Aerosol
Direct Radiative Impact on the regional climate in the
MEDiterranean region (ADRIMED) project
during the Mediterranean dry season over the western and central
Mediterranean basins, with a focus on aerosol-radiation measurements and
their modeling. The SOP-1a took place from 11 June to 5 July 2013. Airborne
measurements were made by both the ATR-42 and F-20 French research aircraft
operated from Sardinia (Italy) and instrumented for in situ and
remote-sensing measurements, respectively, and by sounding and drifting
balloons, launched in Minorca. The experimental setup also involved several
ground-based measurement sites on islands including two ground-based
reference stations in Corsica and Lampedusa and secondary monitoring sites in
Minorca and Sicily. Additional measurements including lidar profiling were
also performed on alert during aircraft operations at EARLINET/ACTRIS
stations at Granada and Barcelona in Spain, and in southern Italy.
Remote-sensing aerosol products from satellites (MSG/SEVIRI, MODIS) and from
the AERONET/PHOTONS network were also used. Dedicated meso-scale and regional
modeling experiments were performed in relation to this observational effort.
We provide here an overview of the different surface and aircraft
observations deployed during the ChArMEx/ADRIMED period and of associated
modeling studies together with an analysis of the synoptic conditions that
determined the aerosol emission and transport. Meteorological conditions
observed during this campaign (moderate temperatures and southern flows) were
not favorable to producing high levels of atmospheric pollutants or intense
biomass burning events in the region. However, numerous mineral dust plumes
were observed during the campaign, with the main sources located in Morocco,
Algeria and Tunisia, leading to aerosol optical depth (AOD) values ranging
between 0.2 and 0.6 (at 440 nm) over the western and central
Mediterranean basins. One important point of this experiment concerns the
direct observations of aerosol extinction onboard the ATR-42, using the CAPS
system, showing local maxima reaching up to 150 M m<sup>−1</sup> within the
dust plume. Non-negligible aerosol extinction (about 50 M m<sup>−1</sup>)
has also been observed within the marine boundary layer (MBL). By combining
the ATR-42 extinction coefficient observations with absorption and scattering
measurements, we performed a complete optical closure revealing excellent
agreement with estimated optical properties. This additional information on
extinction properties has allowed calculation of the dust single scattering
albedo (SSA) with a high level of confidence over the western Mediterranean.
Our results show a moderate variability from 0.90 to 1.00 (at 530 nm)
for all flights studied compared to that reported in the literature on this
optical parameter. Our results underline also a relatively low difference in
SSA with values derived near dust sources. In parallel, active remote-sensing
observations from the surface and onboard the F-20 aircraft suggest a complex
vertical structure of particles and distinct aerosol layers with sea spray
and pollution located within the MBL, and mineral dust and/or aged North
American smoke particles located above (up to 6–7 km in altitude).
Aircraft and balloon-borne observations allow one to investigate the vertical
structure of the aerosol size distribution showing particles characterized by a
large size (> 10 µm in diameter) within dust plumes. In most of
cases, a coarse mode characterized by an effective diameter ranging between 5
and 10 µm, has been detected above the MBL. In terms of shortwave
(SW) direct forcing, in situ surface and aircraft observations have been merged
and used as inputs in 1-D radiative transfer codes for calculating the aerosol direct
radiative forcing (DRF). Results show significant surface SW instantaneous
forcing (up to −90 W m<sup>−2</sup> at noon). Aircraft observations
provide also original estimates of the vertical structure of SW and LW
radiative heating revealing significant instantaneous values of about
5° K per day in the solar spectrum (for a solar angle of
30°) within the dust layer. Associated 3-D modeling studies from
regional climate (RCM) and chemistry transport (CTM) models indicate a
relatively good agreement for simulated AOD compared with observations from
the AERONET/PHOTONS network and satellite data, especially for long-range
dust transport. Calculations of the 3-D SW (clear-sky) surface DRF indicate
an average of about −10 to −20 W m<sup>−2</sup> (for the whole period)
over the Mediterranean Sea together with maxima (−50 W m<sup>−2</sup>)
over northern Africa. The top of the atmosphere (TOA) DRF is shown to be
highly variable within the domain, due to moderate absorbing properties of
dust and changes in the surface albedo. Indeed, 3-D simulations indicate
negative forcing over the Mediterranean Sea and Europe and positive forcing
over northern Africa. Finally, a multi-year simulation, performed for the
2003 to 2009 period and including an ocean–atmosphere (O–A) coupling,
underlines the impact of the aerosol direct radiative forcing on the sea
surface temperature, O–A fluxes and the hydrological cycle over the
Mediterranean. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T08:13:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c9a2ee1e29ef4bbb922602c92eeddd2f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T08:13:23Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-c9a2ee1e29ef4bbb922602c92eeddd2f2022-12-21T20:29:33ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242016-01-011645550410.5194/acp-16-455-2016Overview of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment/Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing on the Mediterranean Climate (ChArMEx/ADRIMED) summer 2013 campaignM. Mallet0F. Dulac1P. Formenti2P. Nabat3J. Sciare4J. Sciare5G. Roberts6J. Pelon7G. Ancellet8D. Tanré9F. Parol10C. Denjean11C. Denjean12G. Brogniez13A. di Sarra14L. Alados-Arboledas15J. Arndt16F. Auriol17L. Blarel18T. Bourrianne19P. Chazette20S. Chevaillier21M. Claeys22B. D'Anna23Y. Derimian24K. Desboeufs25T. Di Iorio26J.-F. Doussin27P. Durand28A. Féron29E. Freney30C. Gaimoz31P. Goloub32J. L. Gómez-Amo33M. J. Granados-Muñoz34N. Grand35E. Hamonou36I. Jankowiak37M. Jeannot38J.-F. Léon39M. Maillé40S. Mailler41D. Meloni42L. Menut43G. Momboisse44J. Nicolas45J. Nicolas46T. Podvin47V. Pont48G. Rea49J.-B. Renard50L. Roblou51K. Schepanski52A. Schwarzenboeck53K. Sellegri54M. Sicard55F. Solmon56S. Somot57B. Torres58J. Totems59S. Triquet60N. Verdier61C. Verwaerde62F. Waquet63J. Wenger64P. Zapf65Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, FranceLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRSUVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceLaboratoire Inter-Universitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, FranceMétéo-France, CNRM-GAME, Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, UMR3589, Toulouse, FranceLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRSUVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceThe Cyprus Institute, Energy, Environment and Water Research Center, Nicosia, CyprusMétéo-France, CNRM-GAME, Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, UMR3589, Toulouse, FranceLATMOS-ISPL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 et Université Versailles St-Quentin; CNRS/INSU, Paris, FranceLATMOS-ISPL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 et Université Versailles St-Quentin; CNRS/INSU, Paris, FranceLOA, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceLOA, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceLaboratoire Inter-Universitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, FranceMétéo-France, CNRM-GAME, Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, UMR3589, Toulouse, FranceLOA, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceENEA, Laboratory for Earth Observations and Analyses, Via Anguillarese 301, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, SpainDepartment of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, IrelandLOA, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceLOA, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceMétéo-France, CNRM-GAME, Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, UMR3589, Toulouse, FranceLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRSUVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceLaboratoire Inter-Universitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, FranceMétéo-France, CNRM-GAME, Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, UMR3589, Toulouse, FranceInstitut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, FranceLOA, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceLaboratoire Inter-Universitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, FranceENEA, Laboratory for Earth Observations and Analyses, Via Anguillarese 301, Rome, ItalyLaboratoire Inter-Universitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, FranceLaboratoire d'Aérologie, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, FranceLaboratoire Inter-Universitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, FranceLaboratoire de Météorologie Physique, CNRS UMR6016, Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Blaise Pascal, Aubière, FranceLaboratoire Inter-Universitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, FranceLOA, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceENEA, Laboratory for Earth Observations and Analyses, Via Anguillarese 301, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, SpainLaboratoire Inter-Universitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, FranceLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRSUVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceLOA, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceLPC2E-CNRS/Université d'Orléans, 3A Avenue de la recherche scientifique, Orléans, FranceLaboratoire d'Aérologie, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, FranceLaboratoire Inter-Universitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, FranceLMD, IPSL, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, École Normale Supérieure, Université Paris 6, UMR8539, Palaiseau CEDEX, FranceENEA, Laboratory for Earth Observations and Analyses, Via Anguillarese 301, Rome, ItalyLMD, IPSL, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, École Normale Supérieure, Université Paris 6, UMR8539, Palaiseau CEDEX, FranceMétéo-France, CNRM-GAME, Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, UMR3589, Toulouse, FranceMétéo-France, CNRM-GAME, Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, UMR3589, Toulouse, FranceLaboratoire de Météorologie Physique, CNRS UMR6016, Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Blaise Pascal, Aubière, FranceLOA, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceLaboratoire d'Aérologie, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, FranceLMD, IPSL, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, École Normale Supérieure, Université Paris 6, UMR8539, Palaiseau CEDEX, FranceLPC2E-CNRS/Université d'Orléans, 3A Avenue de la recherche scientifique, Orléans, FranceLaboratoire d'Aérologie, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, FranceLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, GermanyLaboratoire de Météorologie Physique, CNRS UMR6016, Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Blaise Pascal, Aubière, FranceLaboratoire de Météorologie Physique, CNRS UMR6016, Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Blaise Pascal, Aubière, FranceRSLab/CTE-CRAE-IEEC, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, SpainThe Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, Trieste, ItalyMétéo-France, CNRM-GAME, Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, UMR3589, Toulouse, FranceLOA, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRSUVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceLaboratoire Inter-Universitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, FranceCentre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), DCT/BL/NB, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, FranceLOA, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceLOA, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, FranceDepartment of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, IrelandLaboratoire Inter-Universitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, FranceThe Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx; <a href="http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr" target="_blank">http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr</a>) is a collaborative research program federating international activities to investigate Mediterranean regional chemistry-climate interactions. A special observing period (SOP-1a) including intensive airborne measurements was performed in the framework of the Aerosol Direct Radiative Impact on the regional climate in the MEDiterranean region (ADRIMED) project during the Mediterranean dry season over the western and central Mediterranean basins, with a focus on aerosol-radiation measurements and their modeling. The SOP-1a took place from 11 June to 5 July 2013. Airborne measurements were made by both the ATR-42 and F-20 French research aircraft operated from Sardinia (Italy) and instrumented for in situ and remote-sensing measurements, respectively, and by sounding and drifting balloons, launched in Minorca. The experimental setup also involved several ground-based measurement sites on islands including two ground-based reference stations in Corsica and Lampedusa and secondary monitoring sites in Minorca and Sicily. Additional measurements including lidar profiling were also performed on alert during aircraft operations at EARLINET/ACTRIS stations at Granada and Barcelona in Spain, and in southern Italy. Remote-sensing aerosol products from satellites (MSG/SEVIRI, MODIS) and from the AERONET/PHOTONS network were also used. Dedicated meso-scale and regional modeling experiments were performed in relation to this observational effort. We provide here an overview of the different surface and aircraft observations deployed during the ChArMEx/ADRIMED period and of associated modeling studies together with an analysis of the synoptic conditions that determined the aerosol emission and transport. Meteorological conditions observed during this campaign (moderate temperatures and southern flows) were not favorable to producing high levels of atmospheric pollutants or intense biomass burning events in the region. However, numerous mineral dust plumes were observed during the campaign, with the main sources located in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, leading to aerosol optical depth (AOD) values ranging between 0.2 and 0.6 (at 440 nm) over the western and central Mediterranean basins. One important point of this experiment concerns the direct observations of aerosol extinction onboard the ATR-42, using the CAPS system, showing local maxima reaching up to 150 M m<sup>−1</sup> within the dust plume. Non-negligible aerosol extinction (about 50 M m<sup>−1</sup>) has also been observed within the marine boundary layer (MBL). By combining the ATR-42 extinction coefficient observations with absorption and scattering measurements, we performed a complete optical closure revealing excellent agreement with estimated optical properties. This additional information on extinction properties has allowed calculation of the dust single scattering albedo (SSA) with a high level of confidence over the western Mediterranean. Our results show a moderate variability from 0.90 to 1.00 (at 530 nm) for all flights studied compared to that reported in the literature on this optical parameter. Our results underline also a relatively low difference in SSA with values derived near dust sources. In parallel, active remote-sensing observations from the surface and onboard the F-20 aircraft suggest a complex vertical structure of particles and distinct aerosol layers with sea spray and pollution located within the MBL, and mineral dust and/or aged North American smoke particles located above (up to 6–7 km in altitude). Aircraft and balloon-borne observations allow one to investigate the vertical structure of the aerosol size distribution showing particles characterized by a large size (> 10 µm in diameter) within dust plumes. In most of cases, a coarse mode characterized by an effective diameter ranging between 5 and 10 µm, has been detected above the MBL. In terms of shortwave (SW) direct forcing, in situ surface and aircraft observations have been merged and used as inputs in 1-D radiative transfer codes for calculating the aerosol direct radiative forcing (DRF). Results show significant surface SW instantaneous forcing (up to −90 W m<sup>−2</sup> at noon). Aircraft observations provide also original estimates of the vertical structure of SW and LW radiative heating revealing significant instantaneous values of about 5° K per day in the solar spectrum (for a solar angle of 30°) within the dust layer. Associated 3-D modeling studies from regional climate (RCM) and chemistry transport (CTM) models indicate a relatively good agreement for simulated AOD compared with observations from the AERONET/PHOTONS network and satellite data, especially for long-range dust transport. Calculations of the 3-D SW (clear-sky) surface DRF indicate an average of about −10 to −20 W m<sup>−2</sup> (for the whole period) over the Mediterranean Sea together with maxima (−50 W m<sup>−2</sup>) over northern Africa. The top of the atmosphere (TOA) DRF is shown to be highly variable within the domain, due to moderate absorbing properties of dust and changes in the surface albedo. Indeed, 3-D simulations indicate negative forcing over the Mediterranean Sea and Europe and positive forcing over northern Africa. Finally, a multi-year simulation, performed for the 2003 to 2009 period and including an ocean–atmosphere (O–A) coupling, underlines the impact of the aerosol direct radiative forcing on the sea surface temperature, O–A fluxes and the hydrological cycle over the Mediterranean.https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/455/2016/acp-16-455-2016.pdf |
| spellingShingle | M. Mallet F. Dulac P. Formenti P. Nabat J. Sciare J. Sciare G. Roberts J. Pelon G. Ancellet D. Tanré F. Parol C. Denjean C. Denjean G. Brogniez A. di Sarra L. Alados-Arboledas J. Arndt F. Auriol L. Blarel T. Bourrianne P. Chazette S. Chevaillier M. Claeys B. D'Anna Y. Derimian K. Desboeufs T. Di Iorio J.-F. Doussin P. Durand A. Féron E. Freney C. Gaimoz P. Goloub J. L. Gómez-Amo M. J. Granados-Muñoz N. Grand E. Hamonou I. Jankowiak M. Jeannot J.-F. Léon M. Maillé S. Mailler D. Meloni L. Menut G. Momboisse J. Nicolas J. Nicolas T. Podvin V. Pont G. Rea J.-B. Renard L. Roblou K. Schepanski A. Schwarzenboeck K. Sellegri M. Sicard F. Solmon S. Somot B. Torres J. Totems S. Triquet N. Verdier C. Verwaerde F. Waquet J. Wenger P. Zapf Overview of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment/Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing on the Mediterranean Climate (ChArMEx/ADRIMED) summer 2013 campaign Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Overview of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment/Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing on the Mediterranean Climate (ChArMEx/ADRIMED) summer 2013 campaign |
| title_full | Overview of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment/Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing on the Mediterranean Climate (ChArMEx/ADRIMED) summer 2013 campaign |
| title_fullStr | Overview of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment/Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing on the Mediterranean Climate (ChArMEx/ADRIMED) summer 2013 campaign |
| title_full_unstemmed | Overview of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment/Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing on the Mediterranean Climate (ChArMEx/ADRIMED) summer 2013 campaign |
| title_short | Overview of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment/Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing on the Mediterranean Climate (ChArMEx/ADRIMED) summer 2013 campaign |
| title_sort | overview of the chemistry aerosol mediterranean experiment aerosol direct radiative forcing on the mediterranean climate charmex adrimed summer 2013 campaign |
| url | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/455/2016/acp-16-455-2016.pdf |
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