Bronchial Asthma, Airway Remodeling and Lung Fibrosis as Successive Steps of One Process
Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by persistent respiratory system inflammation, airway hyperreactivity, and airflow obstruction. Airway remodeling, defined as changes in airway wall structure such as extensive epithelial damage, airway smooth muscle hypertrophy, collagen dep...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/22/16042 |
| _version_ | 1797459079222788096 |
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| author | Innokenty A. Savin Marina A. Zenkova Aleksandra V. Sen’kova |
| author_facet | Innokenty A. Savin Marina A. Zenkova Aleksandra V. Sen’kova |
| author_sort | Innokenty A. Savin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by persistent respiratory system inflammation, airway hyperreactivity, and airflow obstruction. Airway remodeling, defined as changes in airway wall structure such as extensive epithelial damage, airway smooth muscle hypertrophy, collagen deposition, and subepithelial fibrosis, is a key feature of asthma. Lung fibrosis is a common occurrence in the pathogenesis of fatal and long-term asthma, and it is associated with disease severity and resistance to therapy. It can thus be regarded as an irreversible consequence of asthma-induced airway inflammation and remodeling. Asthma heterogeneity presents several diagnostic challenges, particularly in distinguishing between chronic asthma and other pulmonary diseases characterized by disruption of normal lung architecture and functions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The search for instruments that can predict the development of irreversible structural changes in the lungs, such as chronic components of airway remodeling and fibrosis, is particularly difficult. To overcome these challenges, significant efforts are being directed toward the discovery and investigation of molecular characteristics and biomarkers capable of distinguishing between different types of asthma as well as between asthma and other pulmonary disorders with similar structural characteristics. The main features of bronchial asthma etiology, pathogenesis, and morphological characteristics as well as asthma-associated airway remodeling and lung fibrosis as successive stages of one process will be discussed in this review. The most common murine models and biomarkers of asthma progression and post-asthmatic fibrosis will also be covered. The molecular mechanisms and key cellular players of the asthmatic process described and systematized in this review are intended to help in the search for new molecular markers and promising therapeutic targets for asthma prediction and therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:47:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c9a4806b14854a30a8700a4351f3f4b3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:47:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c9a4806b14854a30a8700a4351f3f4b32023-11-24T14:45:40ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-11-0124221604210.3390/ijms242216042Bronchial Asthma, Airway Remodeling and Lung Fibrosis as Successive Steps of One ProcessInnokenty A. Savin0Marina A. Zenkova1Aleksandra V. Sen’kova2Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev Ave 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaInstitute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev Ave 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaInstitute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev Ave 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaBronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by persistent respiratory system inflammation, airway hyperreactivity, and airflow obstruction. Airway remodeling, defined as changes in airway wall structure such as extensive epithelial damage, airway smooth muscle hypertrophy, collagen deposition, and subepithelial fibrosis, is a key feature of asthma. Lung fibrosis is a common occurrence in the pathogenesis of fatal and long-term asthma, and it is associated with disease severity and resistance to therapy. It can thus be regarded as an irreversible consequence of asthma-induced airway inflammation and remodeling. Asthma heterogeneity presents several diagnostic challenges, particularly in distinguishing between chronic asthma and other pulmonary diseases characterized by disruption of normal lung architecture and functions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The search for instruments that can predict the development of irreversible structural changes in the lungs, such as chronic components of airway remodeling and fibrosis, is particularly difficult. To overcome these challenges, significant efforts are being directed toward the discovery and investigation of molecular characteristics and biomarkers capable of distinguishing between different types of asthma as well as between asthma and other pulmonary disorders with similar structural characteristics. The main features of bronchial asthma etiology, pathogenesis, and morphological characteristics as well as asthma-associated airway remodeling and lung fibrosis as successive stages of one process will be discussed in this review. The most common murine models and biomarkers of asthma progression and post-asthmatic fibrosis will also be covered. The molecular mechanisms and key cellular players of the asthmatic process described and systematized in this review are intended to help in the search for new molecular markers and promising therapeutic targets for asthma prediction and therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/22/16042asthmaairway remodelinglung fibrosisin vivo modelsbiomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Innokenty A. Savin Marina A. Zenkova Aleksandra V. Sen’kova Bronchial Asthma, Airway Remodeling and Lung Fibrosis as Successive Steps of One Process International Journal of Molecular Sciences asthma airway remodeling lung fibrosis in vivo models biomarkers |
| title | Bronchial Asthma, Airway Remodeling and Lung Fibrosis as Successive Steps of One Process |
| title_full | Bronchial Asthma, Airway Remodeling and Lung Fibrosis as Successive Steps of One Process |
| title_fullStr | Bronchial Asthma, Airway Remodeling and Lung Fibrosis as Successive Steps of One Process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bronchial Asthma, Airway Remodeling and Lung Fibrosis as Successive Steps of One Process |
| title_short | Bronchial Asthma, Airway Remodeling and Lung Fibrosis as Successive Steps of One Process |
| title_sort | bronchial asthma airway remodeling and lung fibrosis as successive steps of one process |
| topic | asthma airway remodeling lung fibrosis in vivo models biomarkers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/22/16042 |
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