Spatial and Temporal Evolution Patterns of Droughts in China over the Past 61 Years Based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index
Based on the data of 2254 daily meteorological stations in China from 1961 to 2021, this study calculated the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) of the national multi-time scale by using the FAO Penman–Monteith model to quantify the changes in dry and wet conditions. The Mann...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| author | Yunrui Yang Erfu Dai Jun Yin Lizhi Jia Peng Zhang Jianguo Sun |
| author_facet | Yunrui Yang Erfu Dai Jun Yin Lizhi Jia Peng Zhang Jianguo Sun |
| author_sort | Yunrui Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Based on the data of 2254 daily meteorological stations in China from 1961 to 2021, this study calculated the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) of the national multi-time scale by using the FAO Penman–Monteith model to quantify the changes in dry and wet conditions. The Mann–Kendall mutation test, wavelet analysis, and other methods were used to study the spatial pattern and temporal evolution of drought. The results showed: (1) In the past 61 years, there were obvious spatial and temporal differences in drought in China, and the interannual variation in drought severity in SPEI-1, SPEI-3, and SPEI-12 gradually decreased at a rate of 0.005/10a, 0.021/10a, and 0.092/10a, respectively. (2) The time point of dry and wet mutation was 1989 according to the MK mutagenicity test. (3) Wavelet analysis showed that the drought cycle on the annual scale and the seasonal scale was consistent, and the main period was about 30 years. (4) In the past 61 years, the drought intensity of different degrees in China has shown a weakening trend, and the drought intensity reached the highest value in 61 years in 1978, at 1836.42. In 2020, the drought intensity was the lowest, at 261.55. (5) The proportion of drought stations has shown a decreasing trend. The proportion of drought-free stations has fluctuated greatly, ranging from 42.12% to 89.25%, with 2020 being the highest. This study provides a scientific basis for further research on the causes and coping strategies of drought and is of great significance for strengthening China’s drought monitoring, early warning ,and adaptation capabilities. |
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| id | doaj.art-c9a8bb8a7ce543ea87d4436bb8b99427 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:33:52Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
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| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-c9a8bb8a7ce543ea87d4436bb8b994272024-04-12T13:27:11ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412024-03-01167101210.3390/w16071012Spatial and Temporal Evolution Patterns of Droughts in China over the Past 61 Years Based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration IndexYunrui Yang0Erfu Dai1Jun Yin2Lizhi Jia3Peng Zhang4Jianguo Sun5School of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaLhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaLhasa Tibetan Plateau Scientific Research Center, Lhasa 850000, ChinaLhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaLhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaSchool of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaBased on the data of 2254 daily meteorological stations in China from 1961 to 2021, this study calculated the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) of the national multi-time scale by using the FAO Penman–Monteith model to quantify the changes in dry and wet conditions. The Mann–Kendall mutation test, wavelet analysis, and other methods were used to study the spatial pattern and temporal evolution of drought. The results showed: (1) In the past 61 years, there were obvious spatial and temporal differences in drought in China, and the interannual variation in drought severity in SPEI-1, SPEI-3, and SPEI-12 gradually decreased at a rate of 0.005/10a, 0.021/10a, and 0.092/10a, respectively. (2) The time point of dry and wet mutation was 1989 according to the MK mutagenicity test. (3) Wavelet analysis showed that the drought cycle on the annual scale and the seasonal scale was consistent, and the main period was about 30 years. (4) In the past 61 years, the drought intensity of different degrees in China has shown a weakening trend, and the drought intensity reached the highest value in 61 years in 1978, at 1836.42. In 2020, the drought intensity was the lowest, at 261.55. (5) The proportion of drought stations has shown a decreasing trend. The proportion of drought-free stations has fluctuated greatly, ranging from 42.12% to 89.25%, with 2020 being the highest. This study provides a scientific basis for further research on the causes and coping strategies of drought and is of great significance for strengthening China’s drought monitoring, early warning ,and adaptation capabilities.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/7/1012drought cyclemulti-scaleSPEIMann–KendallChina |
| spellingShingle | Yunrui Yang Erfu Dai Jun Yin Lizhi Jia Peng Zhang Jianguo Sun Spatial and Temporal Evolution Patterns of Droughts in China over the Past 61 Years Based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index Water drought cycle multi-scale SPEI Mann–Kendall China |
| title | Spatial and Temporal Evolution Patterns of Droughts in China over the Past 61 Years Based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index |
| title_full | Spatial and Temporal Evolution Patterns of Droughts in China over the Past 61 Years Based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index |
| title_fullStr | Spatial and Temporal Evolution Patterns of Droughts in China over the Past 61 Years Based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial and Temporal Evolution Patterns of Droughts in China over the Past 61 Years Based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index |
| title_short | Spatial and Temporal Evolution Patterns of Droughts in China over the Past 61 Years Based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index |
| title_sort | spatial and temporal evolution patterns of droughts in china over the past 61 years based on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index |
| topic | drought cycle multi-scale SPEI Mann–Kendall China |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/7/1012 |
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