Comparison of Effects of an Endotracheal Tube or Facemask on Breathing Pattern and Distribution of Ventilation in Anesthetized Horses
Equine respiratory physiology might be influenced by the presence of an endotracheal tube (ETT). This experimental, randomized cross-over study aimed to compare breathing pattern (BrP) and ventilation distribution in anesthetized horses spontaneously breathing room air via ETT or facemask (MASK). Si...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.895268/full |
| _version_ | 1811238747070529536 |
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| author | Fernando Moreno-Martinez David Byrne Anthea Raisis Andreas D. Waldmann Giselle Hosgood Martina Mosing |
| author_facet | Fernando Moreno-Martinez David Byrne Anthea Raisis Andreas D. Waldmann Giselle Hosgood Martina Mosing |
| author_sort | Fernando Moreno-Martinez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Equine respiratory physiology might be influenced by the presence of an endotracheal tube (ETT). This experimental, randomized cross-over study aimed to compare breathing pattern (BrP) and ventilation distribution in anesthetized horses spontaneously breathing room air via ETT or facemask (MASK). Six healthy adult horses were anesthetized with total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA; xylazine, ketamine, guaiphenesin), breathing spontaneously in right lateral recumbency, and randomly assigned to ETT or MASK for 30 min, followed by the other treatment for an additional 30 min. During a second anesthesia 1 month later, the treatment order was inversed. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) using a thoracic electrode belt, spirometry, volumetric capnography, esophageal pressure difference (ΔPoes), venous admixture, and laryngoscopy data were recorded over 2 min every 15 min. Breaths were classified as normal or alternate (sigh or crown-like) according to the EIT impedance curve. A mixed linear model was used to test the effect of treatment on continuous outcomes. Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel analysis was used to test for associations between global BrP and treatment. Global BrP was associated with treatment (p = 0.012) with more alternate breaths during ETT. The center of ventilation right-to-left (CoVRL) showed more ventilation in the non-dependent lung during ETT (p = 0.025). The I:E ratio (p = 0.017) and ΔPoes (p < 0.001) were smaller, and peak expiratory flow (p = 0.009) and physiologic dead space (p = 0.034) were larger with ETT. The presence of an ETT alters BrP and shifts ventilation toward the non-dependent lung in spontaneously breathing horses anesthetized with TIVA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T12:47:38Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T12:47:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-c9aa06d2563649cfb6339bacec2d53c92022-12-22T03:32:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692022-06-01910.3389/fvets.2022.895268895268Comparison of Effects of an Endotracheal Tube or Facemask on Breathing Pattern and Distribution of Ventilation in Anesthetized HorsesFernando Moreno-Martinez0David Byrne1Anthea Raisis2Andreas D. Waldmann3Giselle Hosgood4Martina Mosing5College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, AustraliaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, AustraliaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, AustraliaDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, GermanyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, AustraliaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, AustraliaEquine respiratory physiology might be influenced by the presence of an endotracheal tube (ETT). This experimental, randomized cross-over study aimed to compare breathing pattern (BrP) and ventilation distribution in anesthetized horses spontaneously breathing room air via ETT or facemask (MASK). Six healthy adult horses were anesthetized with total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA; xylazine, ketamine, guaiphenesin), breathing spontaneously in right lateral recumbency, and randomly assigned to ETT or MASK for 30 min, followed by the other treatment for an additional 30 min. During a second anesthesia 1 month later, the treatment order was inversed. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) using a thoracic electrode belt, spirometry, volumetric capnography, esophageal pressure difference (ΔPoes), venous admixture, and laryngoscopy data were recorded over 2 min every 15 min. Breaths were classified as normal or alternate (sigh or crown-like) according to the EIT impedance curve. A mixed linear model was used to test the effect of treatment on continuous outcomes. Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel analysis was used to test for associations between global BrP and treatment. Global BrP was associated with treatment (p = 0.012) with more alternate breaths during ETT. The center of ventilation right-to-left (CoVRL) showed more ventilation in the non-dependent lung during ETT (p = 0.025). The I:E ratio (p = 0.017) and ΔPoes (p < 0.001) were smaller, and peak expiratory flow (p = 0.009) and physiologic dead space (p = 0.034) were larger with ETT. The presence of an ETT alters BrP and shifts ventilation toward the non-dependent lung in spontaneously breathing horses anesthetized with TIVA.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.895268/fullelectric impedance tomographydistribution of ventilationtriple dripendotracheal tube (ETT)sighvenous admixture |
| spellingShingle | Fernando Moreno-Martinez David Byrne Anthea Raisis Andreas D. Waldmann Giselle Hosgood Martina Mosing Comparison of Effects of an Endotracheal Tube or Facemask on Breathing Pattern and Distribution of Ventilation in Anesthetized Horses Frontiers in Veterinary Science electric impedance tomography distribution of ventilation triple drip endotracheal tube (ETT) sigh venous admixture |
| title | Comparison of Effects of an Endotracheal Tube or Facemask on Breathing Pattern and Distribution of Ventilation in Anesthetized Horses |
| title_full | Comparison of Effects of an Endotracheal Tube or Facemask on Breathing Pattern and Distribution of Ventilation in Anesthetized Horses |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Effects of an Endotracheal Tube or Facemask on Breathing Pattern and Distribution of Ventilation in Anesthetized Horses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Effects of an Endotracheal Tube or Facemask on Breathing Pattern and Distribution of Ventilation in Anesthetized Horses |
| title_short | Comparison of Effects of an Endotracheal Tube or Facemask on Breathing Pattern and Distribution of Ventilation in Anesthetized Horses |
| title_sort | comparison of effects of an endotracheal tube or facemask on breathing pattern and distribution of ventilation in anesthetized horses |
| topic | electric impedance tomography distribution of ventilation triple drip endotracheal tube (ETT) sigh venous admixture |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.895268/full |
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