COVID‐19 and Immunological Dysregulation: Can Autoantibodies be Useful?

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is often associated with interstitial pneumonia. However, there is insufficient knowledge on the presence of autoimmune serological markers in patients with COVID‐19. We analyzed the presence and role of autoantibodies in patients with COVID‐19‐associated pneumoni...

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Main Authors: Simona Pascolini, Antonio Vannini, Gaia Deleonardi, Michele Ciordinik, Annamaria Sensoli, Ilaria Carletti, Lorenza Veronesi, Chiara Ricci, Alessia Pronesti, Laura Mazzanti, Ana Grondona, Tania Silvestri, Stefano Zanuso, Marcello Mazzolini, Claudine Lalanne, Chiara Quarneti, Marco Fusconi, Fabrizio Giostra, Alessandro Granito, Luigi Muratori, Marco Lenzi, Paolo Muratori
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2021-03-01
Series:Clinical and Translational Science
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.12908
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author Simona Pascolini
Antonio Vannini
Gaia Deleonardi
Michele Ciordinik
Annamaria Sensoli
Ilaria Carletti
Lorenza Veronesi
Chiara Ricci
Alessia Pronesti
Laura Mazzanti
Ana Grondona
Tania Silvestri
Stefano Zanuso
Marcello Mazzolini
Claudine Lalanne
Chiara Quarneti
Marco Fusconi
Fabrizio Giostra
Alessandro Granito
Luigi Muratori
Marco Lenzi
Paolo Muratori
author_facet Simona Pascolini
Antonio Vannini
Gaia Deleonardi
Michele Ciordinik
Annamaria Sensoli
Ilaria Carletti
Lorenza Veronesi
Chiara Ricci
Alessia Pronesti
Laura Mazzanti
Ana Grondona
Tania Silvestri
Stefano Zanuso
Marcello Mazzolini
Claudine Lalanne
Chiara Quarneti
Marco Fusconi
Fabrizio Giostra
Alessandro Granito
Luigi Muratori
Marco Lenzi
Paolo Muratori
author_sort Simona Pascolini
collection DOAJ
description Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is often associated with interstitial pneumonia. However, there is insufficient knowledge on the presence of autoimmune serological markers in patients with COVID‐19. We analyzed the presence and role of autoantibodies in patients with COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia. We prospectively studied 33 consecutive patients with COVID‐19, 31 (94%) of whom had interstitial pneumonia, and 25 age‐matched and sex‐matched patients with fever and/or pneumonia with etiologies other than COVID‐19 as the pathological control group. All patients were tested for the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), anti‐antiphospholipid antibodies, and anti‐cytoplasmic neutrophil antibodies (ANCAs). Clinical, biochemical, and radiological parameters were also collected. Fifteen of 33 patients (45%) tested positive for at least one autoantibody, including 11 who tested positive for ANAs (33%), 8 who tested positive for anti‐cardiolipin antibodies (immunoglobulin (Ig)G and/or IgM; 24%), and 3 who tested positive for anti‐β2‐glycoprotein antibodies (IgG and/or IgM; 9%). ANCA reactivity was not detected in any patient. Patients that tested positive for auto‐antibodies had a significantly more severe prognosis than other patients did: 6 of 15 patients (40%) with auto‐antibodies died due to COVID‐19 complications during hospitalization, whereas only 1 of 18 patients (5.5%) who did not have auto‐antibodies died (P = 0.03). Patients with poor prognosis (death due to COVID‐19 complications) had a significantly higher respiratory rate at admission (23 breaths per minute vs. 17 breaths per minute; P = 0.03) and a higher frequency of auto‐antibodies (86% vs. 27%; P = 0.008). In conclusion, auto‐antibodies are frequently detected in patients with COVID‐19 possibly reflecting a pathogenetic role of immune dysregulation. However, given the small number of patients, the association of auto‐antibodies with an unfavorable prognosis requires further multicenter studies.
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spelling doaj.art-c9adf33aee3d4269a3a76eb3ca637cce2022-12-21T23:03:34ZengWileyClinical and Translational Science1752-80541752-80622021-03-0114250250810.1111/cts.12908COVID‐19 and Immunological Dysregulation: Can Autoantibodies be Useful?Simona Pascolini0Antonio Vannini1Gaia Deleonardi2Michele Ciordinik3Annamaria Sensoli4Ilaria Carletti5Lorenza Veronesi6Chiara Ricci7Alessia Pronesti8Laura Mazzanti9Ana Grondona10Tania Silvestri11Stefano Zanuso12Marcello Mazzolini13Claudine Lalanne14Chiara Quarneti15Marco Fusconi16Fabrizio Giostra17Alessandro Granito18Luigi Muratori19Marco Lenzi20Paolo Muratori21Division of Internal Medicine Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Bologna ItalyMedicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Bologna ItalyMetropolitan Laboratory Department of Immunology AUSL Bologna Bologna ItalyDivision of Internal Medicine Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Bologna ItalyDivision of Internal Medicine Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Bologna ItalyDivision of Internal Medicine Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Bologna ItalyMedicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Bologna ItalyDivision of Internal Medicine Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Bologna ItalyDivision of Internal Medicine Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Bologna ItalyDivision of Internal Medicine Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Bologna ItalyMetropolitan Laboratory Department of Immunology AUSL Bologna Bologna ItalyMetropolitan Laboratory Department of Immunology AUSL Bologna Bologna ItalyDivision of Internal Medicine Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Bologna ItalyDivision of Internal Medicine Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Bologna ItalyDivision of Internal Medicine Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Bologna ItalyDivision of Internal Medicine Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Bologna ItalyDivision of Internal Medicine Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Bologna ItalyMedicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Bologna ItalyDivision of Internal Medicine Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Bologna ItalyDivision of Internal Medicine Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Bologna ItalyDivision of Internal Medicine Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Bologna ItalyDivision of Internal Medicine Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Bologna ItalyCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is often associated with interstitial pneumonia. However, there is insufficient knowledge on the presence of autoimmune serological markers in patients with COVID‐19. We analyzed the presence and role of autoantibodies in patients with COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia. We prospectively studied 33 consecutive patients with COVID‐19, 31 (94%) of whom had interstitial pneumonia, and 25 age‐matched and sex‐matched patients with fever and/or pneumonia with etiologies other than COVID‐19 as the pathological control group. All patients were tested for the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), anti‐antiphospholipid antibodies, and anti‐cytoplasmic neutrophil antibodies (ANCAs). Clinical, biochemical, and radiological parameters were also collected. Fifteen of 33 patients (45%) tested positive for at least one autoantibody, including 11 who tested positive for ANAs (33%), 8 who tested positive for anti‐cardiolipin antibodies (immunoglobulin (Ig)G and/or IgM; 24%), and 3 who tested positive for anti‐β2‐glycoprotein antibodies (IgG and/or IgM; 9%). ANCA reactivity was not detected in any patient. Patients that tested positive for auto‐antibodies had a significantly more severe prognosis than other patients did: 6 of 15 patients (40%) with auto‐antibodies died due to COVID‐19 complications during hospitalization, whereas only 1 of 18 patients (5.5%) who did not have auto‐antibodies died (P = 0.03). Patients with poor prognosis (death due to COVID‐19 complications) had a significantly higher respiratory rate at admission (23 breaths per minute vs. 17 breaths per minute; P = 0.03) and a higher frequency of auto‐antibodies (86% vs. 27%; P = 0.008). In conclusion, auto‐antibodies are frequently detected in patients with COVID‐19 possibly reflecting a pathogenetic role of immune dysregulation. However, given the small number of patients, the association of auto‐antibodies with an unfavorable prognosis requires further multicenter studies.https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.12908
spellingShingle Simona Pascolini
Antonio Vannini
Gaia Deleonardi
Michele Ciordinik
Annamaria Sensoli
Ilaria Carletti
Lorenza Veronesi
Chiara Ricci
Alessia Pronesti
Laura Mazzanti
Ana Grondona
Tania Silvestri
Stefano Zanuso
Marcello Mazzolini
Claudine Lalanne
Chiara Quarneti
Marco Fusconi
Fabrizio Giostra
Alessandro Granito
Luigi Muratori
Marco Lenzi
Paolo Muratori
COVID‐19 and Immunological Dysregulation: Can Autoantibodies be Useful?
Clinical and Translational Science
title COVID‐19 and Immunological Dysregulation: Can Autoantibodies be Useful?
title_full COVID‐19 and Immunological Dysregulation: Can Autoantibodies be Useful?
title_fullStr COVID‐19 and Immunological Dysregulation: Can Autoantibodies be Useful?
title_full_unstemmed COVID‐19 and Immunological Dysregulation: Can Autoantibodies be Useful?
title_short COVID‐19 and Immunological Dysregulation: Can Autoantibodies be Useful?
title_sort covid 19 and immunological dysregulation can autoantibodies be useful
url https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.12908
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