Secondary attack rates and determinants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) household transmission in Pakistan: A case-ascertained prospective, longitudinal study
Background: Households are considered ideal settings for studying the transmission dynamics of an infectious disease. Methods: A prospective study was conducted, based on the World Health Organization FFX protocol from October 2020 to January,2021. Household contacts of laboratory-confirmed index ca...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Infection and Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124001011 |
| _version_ | 1827284868947509248 |
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| author | Muhammad Imran Nisar Nadia Ansari Mashal Amin Farah Khalid Shahira Shahid Marvi Mahesar Maryam Mansoor Muhammad Farrukh Qazi Aneeta Hotwani Najeeb Rehman Arslan Ashraf Zahoor Ahmed Ashfaque Ahmed Arslan Memon Fyezah Jehan |
| author_facet | Muhammad Imran Nisar Nadia Ansari Mashal Amin Farah Khalid Shahira Shahid Marvi Mahesar Maryam Mansoor Muhammad Farrukh Qazi Aneeta Hotwani Najeeb Rehman Arslan Ashraf Zahoor Ahmed Ashfaque Ahmed Arslan Memon Fyezah Jehan |
| author_sort | Muhammad Imran Nisar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Households are considered ideal settings for studying the transmission dynamics of an infectious disease. Methods: A prospective study was conducted, based on the World Health Organization FFX protocol from October 2020 to January,2021. Household contacts of laboratory-confirmed index cases were followed up for their symptomatic history, nasal swabs for RT-PCR,and blood samples for anti-SARS CoV-2 antibodies were collected at enrollment and days 7, 14 and 28. We estimated secondary attack rate (SAR), effective household case cluster size and determinants of secondary infection among susceptible household contacts using multivariable logistic regression. Results: We enrolled 77 index cases and their 543 contacts. Out of these, 252 contacts were susceptible at the time of enrollment. There were 77 household clusters, out of which, transmission took place in 20 (25.9%) giving rise to 34 cases. The acquired secondary attack rate (SAR) was 14.0% (95% CI 9.0–18.0). The effective household case cluster size was 0.46 (95%CI 0.33,0.56). Reported symptoms of nausea and vomiting (aOR, 7.9; 95% CI, 1.4–45.5) and fatigue (aOR, 9.3; 95% CI, 3.8–22.7) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Conclusions: We observed a low SARS-CoV-2 secondary attack rate in the backdrop of high seroprevalence and asymptomatic transmission among households in Karachi, Pakistan. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:04:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c9b2f48ce5a64af781cc233339099a0b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1876-0341 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:04:33Z |
| publishDate | 2024-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Infection and Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-c9b2f48ce5a64af781cc233339099a0b2024-04-13T04:21:09ZengElsevierJournal of Infection and Public Health1876-03412024-05-01175889896Secondary attack rates and determinants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) household transmission in Pakistan: A case-ascertained prospective, longitudinal studyMuhammad Imran Nisar0Nadia Ansari1Mashal Amin2Farah Khalid3Shahira Shahid4Marvi Mahesar5Maryam Mansoor6Muhammad Farrukh Qazi7Aneeta Hotwani8Najeeb Rehman9Arslan Ashraf10Zahoor Ahmed11Ashfaque Ahmed12Arslan Memon13Fyezah Jehan14Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Corresponding author.Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanHealth Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, PakistanHealth Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, PakistanHealth Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanBackground: Households are considered ideal settings for studying the transmission dynamics of an infectious disease. Methods: A prospective study was conducted, based on the World Health Organization FFX protocol from October 2020 to January,2021. Household contacts of laboratory-confirmed index cases were followed up for their symptomatic history, nasal swabs for RT-PCR,and blood samples for anti-SARS CoV-2 antibodies were collected at enrollment and days 7, 14 and 28. We estimated secondary attack rate (SAR), effective household case cluster size and determinants of secondary infection among susceptible household contacts using multivariable logistic regression. Results: We enrolled 77 index cases and their 543 contacts. Out of these, 252 contacts were susceptible at the time of enrollment. There were 77 household clusters, out of which, transmission took place in 20 (25.9%) giving rise to 34 cases. The acquired secondary attack rate (SAR) was 14.0% (95% CI 9.0–18.0). The effective household case cluster size was 0.46 (95%CI 0.33,0.56). Reported symptoms of nausea and vomiting (aOR, 7.9; 95% CI, 1.4–45.5) and fatigue (aOR, 9.3; 95% CI, 3.8–22.7) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Conclusions: We observed a low SARS-CoV-2 secondary attack rate in the backdrop of high seroprevalence and asymptomatic transmission among households in Karachi, Pakistan.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124001011SARS-CoV-2COVID-19Transmission dynamicsSecondary attack ratePakistan |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Imran Nisar Nadia Ansari Mashal Amin Farah Khalid Shahira Shahid Marvi Mahesar Maryam Mansoor Muhammad Farrukh Qazi Aneeta Hotwani Najeeb Rehman Arslan Ashraf Zahoor Ahmed Ashfaque Ahmed Arslan Memon Fyezah Jehan Secondary attack rates and determinants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) household transmission in Pakistan: A case-ascertained prospective, longitudinal study Journal of Infection and Public Health SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Transmission dynamics Secondary attack rate Pakistan |
| title | Secondary attack rates and determinants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) household transmission in Pakistan: A case-ascertained prospective, longitudinal study |
| title_full | Secondary attack rates and determinants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) household transmission in Pakistan: A case-ascertained prospective, longitudinal study |
| title_fullStr | Secondary attack rates and determinants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) household transmission in Pakistan: A case-ascertained prospective, longitudinal study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Secondary attack rates and determinants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) household transmission in Pakistan: A case-ascertained prospective, longitudinal study |
| title_short | Secondary attack rates and determinants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) household transmission in Pakistan: A case-ascertained prospective, longitudinal study |
| title_sort | secondary attack rates and determinants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 sars cov 2 household transmission in pakistan a case ascertained prospective longitudinal study |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Transmission dynamics Secondary attack rate Pakistan |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124001011 |
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