The Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilization Regulates Crop Performance and Quality of Processing Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L. cv. Heinz 3402)
In this study, we evaluated the effect of various fertilization regimes on processing tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L. cv. Heinz 3402) yield and quality by applying the following treatments: (i) control (C), (ii) conventional fertilizer (21-0-0, N-P-K) (CF), (iii) slow release nitr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-05-01
|
| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/5/715 |
| _version_ | 1797567827506364416 |
|---|---|
| author | Spyridon A. Petropoulos Ângela Fernandes Eustratios Xyrafis Nikolaos Polyzos Vasileios Antoniadis Lillian Barros Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira |
| author_facet | Spyridon A. Petropoulos Ângela Fernandes Eustratios Xyrafis Nikolaos Polyzos Vasileios Antoniadis Lillian Barros Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira |
| author_sort | Spyridon A. Petropoulos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, we evaluated the effect of various fertilization regimes on processing tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L. cv. Heinz 3402) yield and quality by applying the following treatments: (i) control (C), (ii) conventional fertilizer (21-0-0, N-P-K) (CF), (iii) slow release nitrogen fertilizer 46-0-0 (SR), (iv) conventional fertilizer (21-0-0, N-P-K) + Zeolite (CFZ), and v) composted sheep manure (M). The results of the study showed that the SR and CFZ treatments resulted in the highest fruit yield per hectare compared to the rest of the fertilizer and the control treatments. Fruit firmness was higher for the treatments C, M and SR, while color parameters (chroma and hue angle) were higher for the C and M treatments, respectively. Moreover, the total soluble solids content (TSS; °Brix) was higher when manure (M) was applied. In terms of chemical composition, the total and individual tocopherols and sugars were the highest for the M and C treatments, respectively, whereas the oxalic, malic and total organic acid contents were the highest for the CFZ treatment. Moreover, the tested treatments showed a varied response in different antioxidant assays, although the M treatment exhibited a high antioxidant capacity in most of the assays, except for the β-carotene/linoleate assay. The carotenoid and chlorophyll contents were the highest for the control treatment. The main detected fatty acid was linoleic acid, followed by palmitic, oleic and α-linolenic acid, while the CFZ treatment had the highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) due to its high content of linoleic acid. In conclusion, although the application of fertilizers increased yield, the quality parameters and chemical composition showed a varied response to the fertilization regime, especially the TSS content and juice pH and electric conductivity (EC), which are significant for the marketability of the final product. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:48:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c9bb4a51e9cc4a2f903ee2c665484543 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:48:00Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-c9bb4a51e9cc4a2f903ee2c6654845432023-11-20T00:41:04ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-05-0110571510.3390/agronomy10050715The Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilization Regulates Crop Performance and Quality of Processing Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L. cv. Heinz 3402)Spyridon A. Petropoulos0Ângela Fernandes1Eustratios Xyrafis2Nikolaos Polyzos3Vasileios Antoniadis4Lillian Barros5Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira6Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Nea Ionia, Magnissia, GreeceCampus de Santa Apolónia, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, PortugalDepartment of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Nea Ionia, Magnissia, GreeceDepartment of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Nea Ionia, Magnissia, GreeceDepartment of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Nea Ionia, Magnissia, GreeceCampus de Santa Apolónia, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, PortugalCampus de Santa Apolónia, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, PortugalIn this study, we evaluated the effect of various fertilization regimes on processing tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L. cv. Heinz 3402) yield and quality by applying the following treatments: (i) control (C), (ii) conventional fertilizer (21-0-0, N-P-K) (CF), (iii) slow release nitrogen fertilizer 46-0-0 (SR), (iv) conventional fertilizer (21-0-0, N-P-K) + Zeolite (CFZ), and v) composted sheep manure (M). The results of the study showed that the SR and CFZ treatments resulted in the highest fruit yield per hectare compared to the rest of the fertilizer and the control treatments. Fruit firmness was higher for the treatments C, M and SR, while color parameters (chroma and hue angle) were higher for the C and M treatments, respectively. Moreover, the total soluble solids content (TSS; °Brix) was higher when manure (M) was applied. In terms of chemical composition, the total and individual tocopherols and sugars were the highest for the M and C treatments, respectively, whereas the oxalic, malic and total organic acid contents were the highest for the CFZ treatment. Moreover, the tested treatments showed a varied response in different antioxidant assays, although the M treatment exhibited a high antioxidant capacity in most of the assays, except for the β-carotene/linoleate assay. The carotenoid and chlorophyll contents were the highest for the control treatment. The main detected fatty acid was linoleic acid, followed by palmitic, oleic and α-linolenic acid, while the CFZ treatment had the highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) due to its high content of linoleic acid. In conclusion, although the application of fertilizers increased yield, the quality parameters and chemical composition showed a varied response to the fertilization regime, especially the TSS content and juice pH and electric conductivity (EC), which are significant for the marketability of the final product.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/5/715antioxidant activitycarotenelycopenenitrogen fertilizationorganic acidsprocessing tomato |
| spellingShingle | Spyridon A. Petropoulos Ângela Fernandes Eustratios Xyrafis Nikolaos Polyzos Vasileios Antoniadis Lillian Barros Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira The Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilization Regulates Crop Performance and Quality of Processing Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L. cv. Heinz 3402) Agronomy antioxidant activity carotene lycopene nitrogen fertilization organic acids processing tomato |
| title | The Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilization Regulates Crop Performance and Quality of Processing Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L. cv. Heinz 3402) |
| title_full | The Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilization Regulates Crop Performance and Quality of Processing Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L. cv. Heinz 3402) |
| title_fullStr | The Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilization Regulates Crop Performance and Quality of Processing Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L. cv. Heinz 3402) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilization Regulates Crop Performance and Quality of Processing Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L. cv. Heinz 3402) |
| title_short | The Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilization Regulates Crop Performance and Quality of Processing Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L. cv. Heinz 3402) |
| title_sort | optimization of nitrogen fertilization regulates crop performance and quality of processing tomato i solanum lycopersicum i l cv heinz 3402 |
| topic | antioxidant activity carotene lycopene nitrogen fertilization organic acids processing tomato |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/5/715 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT spyridonapetropoulos theoptimizationofnitrogenfertilizationregulatescropperformanceandqualityofprocessingtomatoisolanumlycopersicumilcvheinz3402 AT angelafernandes theoptimizationofnitrogenfertilizationregulatescropperformanceandqualityofprocessingtomatoisolanumlycopersicumilcvheinz3402 AT eustratiosxyrafis theoptimizationofnitrogenfertilizationregulatescropperformanceandqualityofprocessingtomatoisolanumlycopersicumilcvheinz3402 AT nikolaospolyzos theoptimizationofnitrogenfertilizationregulatescropperformanceandqualityofprocessingtomatoisolanumlycopersicumilcvheinz3402 AT vasileiosantoniadis theoptimizationofnitrogenfertilizationregulatescropperformanceandqualityofprocessingtomatoisolanumlycopersicumilcvheinz3402 AT lillianbarros theoptimizationofnitrogenfertilizationregulatescropperformanceandqualityofprocessingtomatoisolanumlycopersicumilcvheinz3402 AT isabelcfrferreira theoptimizationofnitrogenfertilizationregulatescropperformanceandqualityofprocessingtomatoisolanumlycopersicumilcvheinz3402 AT spyridonapetropoulos optimizationofnitrogenfertilizationregulatescropperformanceandqualityofprocessingtomatoisolanumlycopersicumilcvheinz3402 AT angelafernandes optimizationofnitrogenfertilizationregulatescropperformanceandqualityofprocessingtomatoisolanumlycopersicumilcvheinz3402 AT eustratiosxyrafis optimizationofnitrogenfertilizationregulatescropperformanceandqualityofprocessingtomatoisolanumlycopersicumilcvheinz3402 AT nikolaospolyzos optimizationofnitrogenfertilizationregulatescropperformanceandqualityofprocessingtomatoisolanumlycopersicumilcvheinz3402 AT vasileiosantoniadis optimizationofnitrogenfertilizationregulatescropperformanceandqualityofprocessingtomatoisolanumlycopersicumilcvheinz3402 AT lillianbarros optimizationofnitrogenfertilizationregulatescropperformanceandqualityofprocessingtomatoisolanumlycopersicumilcvheinz3402 AT isabelcfrferreira optimizationofnitrogenfertilizationregulatescropperformanceandqualityofprocessingtomatoisolanumlycopersicumilcvheinz3402 |