Aseptic Stethoscope Barriers Prevent C difficile Transmission In Vitro
Objective: To evaluate whether Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile–contaminated stethoscope diaphragms remained aseptic by the placement of an aseptic diaphragm barrier. Methods: On November 1, 2019, fresh cultures of C difficile were diluted to 107 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL and used...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542454820302022 |
| _version_ | 1818857224780382208 |
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| author | W. Frank Peacock, MD Sarathi Kalra, MD Rajiv S. Vasudevan Francesca Torriani, MD |
| author_facet | W. Frank Peacock, MD Sarathi Kalra, MD Rajiv S. Vasudevan Francesca Torriani, MD |
| author_sort | W. Frank Peacock, MD |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: To evaluate whether Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile–contaminated stethoscope diaphragms remained aseptic by the placement of an aseptic diaphragm barrier. Methods: On November 1, 2019, fresh cultures of C difficile were diluted to 107 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL and used to inoculate 16 stethoscope diaphragms; 8 had an aseptic diaphragm barrier applied and 8 served as nonbarrier controls. Contaminated stethoscopes were anaerobically incubated, then swabbed at 15 and 30 minutes, 2 and 4 hours, and 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after inoculation and subsequently plated onto blood, chocolate, and cycloserine-cefoxitin fructose agar. Plates were incubated for 48 hours and on November 9, 2019, the resulting colonies were manually counted. Statistical analyses (RStudio, version 1.0.153) used analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey honestly significant difference. Results: Overall, mean colony count was 33 CFU on stethoscopes without barriers vs zero on those with barriers (P≤.05). Growth was greatest at 48 hours, with colony counts as high as 160 CFU. The presence of the barrier resulted in no growth in 100% of stethoscope diaphragms for up to 1 week. Conclusion: We found that stethoscope diaphragm barriers provide an aseptic patient contact point, thus reducing the potential for transmission of C difficile during the physical examination. In critical care environments, in which many hospitals use acoustically inferior disposable stethoscopes, the option of a disposable aseptic stethoscope barrier may allow high-quality auscultation while reducing the potential for pathogen transmission. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T08:37:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c9bbec503d4844f3a0692b9390932e9a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2542-4548 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T08:37:00Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes |
| spelling | doaj.art-c9bbec503d4844f3a0692b9390932e9a2022-12-21T20:29:01ZengElsevierMayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes2542-45482021-02-0151103108Aseptic Stethoscope Barriers Prevent C difficile Transmission In VitroW. Frank Peacock, MD0Sarathi Kalra, MD1Rajiv S. Vasudevan2Francesca Torriani, MD3Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Correspondence: Address to W. Frank Peacock, MD, Ben Taub General Hospital, Emergency Department, 1504 Taub Loop, Houston, TX 77030.Department of Emergency Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, ALDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CADepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CAObjective: To evaluate whether Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile–contaminated stethoscope diaphragms remained aseptic by the placement of an aseptic diaphragm barrier. Methods: On November 1, 2019, fresh cultures of C difficile were diluted to 107 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL and used to inoculate 16 stethoscope diaphragms; 8 had an aseptic diaphragm barrier applied and 8 served as nonbarrier controls. Contaminated stethoscopes were anaerobically incubated, then swabbed at 15 and 30 minutes, 2 and 4 hours, and 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after inoculation and subsequently plated onto blood, chocolate, and cycloserine-cefoxitin fructose agar. Plates were incubated for 48 hours and on November 9, 2019, the resulting colonies were manually counted. Statistical analyses (RStudio, version 1.0.153) used analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey honestly significant difference. Results: Overall, mean colony count was 33 CFU on stethoscopes without barriers vs zero on those with barriers (P≤.05). Growth was greatest at 48 hours, with colony counts as high as 160 CFU. The presence of the barrier resulted in no growth in 100% of stethoscope diaphragms for up to 1 week. Conclusion: We found that stethoscope diaphragm barriers provide an aseptic patient contact point, thus reducing the potential for transmission of C difficile during the physical examination. In critical care environments, in which many hospitals use acoustically inferior disposable stethoscopes, the option of a disposable aseptic stethoscope barrier may allow high-quality auscultation while reducing the potential for pathogen transmission.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542454820302022 |
| spellingShingle | W. Frank Peacock, MD Sarathi Kalra, MD Rajiv S. Vasudevan Francesca Torriani, MD Aseptic Stethoscope Barriers Prevent C difficile Transmission In Vitro Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes |
| title | Aseptic Stethoscope Barriers Prevent C difficile Transmission In Vitro |
| title_full | Aseptic Stethoscope Barriers Prevent C difficile Transmission In Vitro |
| title_fullStr | Aseptic Stethoscope Barriers Prevent C difficile Transmission In Vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aseptic Stethoscope Barriers Prevent C difficile Transmission In Vitro |
| title_short | Aseptic Stethoscope Barriers Prevent C difficile Transmission In Vitro |
| title_sort | aseptic stethoscope barriers prevent c difficile transmission in vitro |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542454820302022 |
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