Scalability Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam Steering
Programmable metasurfaces have garnered significant attention as they confer unprecedented control over the electromagnetic (EM) response of any surface. Such feature has given rise to novel design paradigms such as Software-Defined Metamaterials (SDM) and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) w...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IEEE
2020-01-01
|
| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9109701/ |
| _version_ | 1830354039522459648 |
|---|---|
| author | Hamidreza Taghvaee Sergi Abadal Alexandros Pitilakis Odysseas Tsilipakos Anna C. Tasolamprou Christos Liaskos Maria Kafesaki Nikolaos V. Kantartzis Albert Cabellos-Aparicio Eduard Alarcon |
| author_facet | Hamidreza Taghvaee Sergi Abadal Alexandros Pitilakis Odysseas Tsilipakos Anna C. Tasolamprou Christos Liaskos Maria Kafesaki Nikolaos V. Kantartzis Albert Cabellos-Aparicio Eduard Alarcon |
| author_sort | Hamidreza Taghvaee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Programmable metasurfaces have garnered significant attention as they confer unprecedented control over the electromagnetic (EM) response of any surface. Such feature has given rise to novel design paradigms such as Software-Defined Metamaterials (SDM) and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) with multiple groundbreaking applications. However, the development of programmable metasurfaces tailored to the particularities of a potentially large application pool becomes a daunting task because the design space becomes remarkably large. This paper aims to ease the design process by proposing a methodology that employs a semi-analytical formulation to model the response of a metasurface and, then, derives performance scaling trends as functions of a representative set of design and application-specific variables. Although the methodology is amenable to any EM functionality, this paper explores its use for the case of beam steering at 26 GHz for 5G applications. Conventional beam steering metrics are evaluated as functions of the unit cell size, number of unit cell states, and metasurface size for different incidence and reflection angles. It is shown that metasurfaces $5\lambda \times 5 \lambda $ or larger with unit cells of $\lambda /3$ and four unit cell states ensure good performance overall. Further, it is demonstrated that performance degrades significantly for angles larger than $\theta > 60^{o}$ and that, to combat this, extra effort is needed in the development of the unit cell. These performance trends, when combined with power and cost models, will pave the way to optimal metasurface dimensioning. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T01:24:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c9be1d20ebea47a0958508dc6132e22d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T01:24:57Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-c9be1d20ebea47a0958508dc6132e22d2022-12-21T19:58:17ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362020-01-01810532010533410.1109/ACCESS.2020.30004249109701Scalability Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam SteeringHamidreza Taghvaee0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8732-6086Sergi Abadal1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0941-0260Alexandros Pitilakis2Odysseas Tsilipakos3Anna C. Tasolamprou4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4652-5470Christos Liaskos5Maria Kafesaki6Nikolaos V. Kantartzis7Albert Cabellos-Aparicio8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9329-7584Eduard Alarcon9NaNoNetworking Center in Catalonia (N3Cat), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, SpainNaNoNetworking Center in Catalonia (N3Cat), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GreeceFoundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, GreeceFoundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, GreeceFoundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, GreeceFoundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, GreeceDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GreeceNaNoNetworking Center in Catalonia (N3Cat), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, SpainNaNoNetworking Center in Catalonia (N3Cat), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, SpainProgrammable metasurfaces have garnered significant attention as they confer unprecedented control over the electromagnetic (EM) response of any surface. Such feature has given rise to novel design paradigms such as Software-Defined Metamaterials (SDM) and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) with multiple groundbreaking applications. However, the development of programmable metasurfaces tailored to the particularities of a potentially large application pool becomes a daunting task because the design space becomes remarkably large. This paper aims to ease the design process by proposing a methodology that employs a semi-analytical formulation to model the response of a metasurface and, then, derives performance scaling trends as functions of a representative set of design and application-specific variables. Although the methodology is amenable to any EM functionality, this paper explores its use for the case of beam steering at 26 GHz for 5G applications. Conventional beam steering metrics are evaluated as functions of the unit cell size, number of unit cell states, and metasurface size for different incidence and reflection angles. It is shown that metasurfaces $5\lambda \times 5 \lambda $ or larger with unit cells of $\lambda /3$ and four unit cell states ensure good performance overall. Further, it is demonstrated that performance degrades significantly for angles larger than $\theta > 60^{o}$ and that, to combat this, extra effort is needed in the development of the unit cell. These performance trends, when combined with power and cost models, will pave the way to optimal metasurface dimensioning.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9109701/Beam steeringmetamaterialsreconfigurable architecturesscalability |
| spellingShingle | Hamidreza Taghvaee Sergi Abadal Alexandros Pitilakis Odysseas Tsilipakos Anna C. Tasolamprou Christos Liaskos Maria Kafesaki Nikolaos V. Kantartzis Albert Cabellos-Aparicio Eduard Alarcon Scalability Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam Steering IEEE Access Beam steering metamaterials reconfigurable architectures scalability |
| title | Scalability Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam Steering |
| title_full | Scalability Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam Steering |
| title_fullStr | Scalability Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam Steering |
| title_full_unstemmed | Scalability Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam Steering |
| title_short | Scalability Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam Steering |
| title_sort | scalability analysis of programmable metasurfaces for beam steering |
| topic | Beam steering metamaterials reconfigurable architectures scalability |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9109701/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hamidrezataghvaee scalabilityanalysisofprogrammablemetasurfacesforbeamsteering AT sergiabadal scalabilityanalysisofprogrammablemetasurfacesforbeamsteering AT alexandrospitilakis scalabilityanalysisofprogrammablemetasurfacesforbeamsteering AT odysseastsilipakos scalabilityanalysisofprogrammablemetasurfacesforbeamsteering AT annactasolamprou scalabilityanalysisofprogrammablemetasurfacesforbeamsteering AT christosliaskos scalabilityanalysisofprogrammablemetasurfacesforbeamsteering AT mariakafesaki scalabilityanalysisofprogrammablemetasurfacesforbeamsteering AT nikolaosvkantartzis scalabilityanalysisofprogrammablemetasurfacesforbeamsteering AT albertcabellosaparicio scalabilityanalysisofprogrammablemetasurfacesforbeamsteering AT eduardalarcon scalabilityanalysisofprogrammablemetasurfacesforbeamsteering |