Multi-moded high-index contrast optical waveguide for super-contrast high-resolution label-free microscopy
The article elucidates the physical mechanism behind the generation of superior-contrast and high-resolution label-free images using an optical waveguide. Imaging is realized by employing a high index contrast multi-moded waveguide as a partially coherent light source. The modes provide near-field i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
De Gruyter
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Nanophotonics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2022-0100 |
| _version_ | 1797947921981767680 |
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| author | Jayakumar Nikhil Dullo Firehun T. Dubey Vishesh Ahmad Azeem Ströhl Florian Cauzzo Jennifer Guerreiro Eduarda Mazagao Snir Omri Skalko-Basnet Natasa Agarwal Krishna Ahluwalia Balpreet Singh |
| author_facet | Jayakumar Nikhil Dullo Firehun T. Dubey Vishesh Ahmad Azeem Ströhl Florian Cauzzo Jennifer Guerreiro Eduarda Mazagao Snir Omri Skalko-Basnet Natasa Agarwal Krishna Ahluwalia Balpreet Singh |
| author_sort | Jayakumar Nikhil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The article elucidates the physical mechanism behind the generation of superior-contrast and high-resolution label-free images using an optical waveguide. Imaging is realized by employing a high index contrast multi-moded waveguide as a partially coherent light source. The modes provide near-field illumination of unlabeled samples, thereby repositioning the higher spatial frequencies of the sample into the far-field. These modes coherently scatter off the sample with different phases and are engineered to have random spatial distributions within the integration time of the camera. This mitigates the coherent speckle noise and enhances the contrast (2–10) × as opposed to other imaging techniques. Besides, the coherent scattering of the different modes gives rise to fluctuations in intensity. The technique demonstrated here is named chip-based Evanescent Light Scattering (cELS). The concepts introduced through this work are described mathematically and the high-contrast image generation process using a multi-moded waveguide as the light source is explained. The article then explores the feasibility of utilizing fluctuations in the captured images along with fluorescence-based techniques, like intensity-fluctuation algorithms, to mitigate poor-contrast and diffraction-limited resolution in the coherent imaging regime. Furthermore, a straight waveguide is demonstrated to have limited angular diversity between its multiple modes and therefore, for isotropic sample illumination, a multiple-arms waveguide geometry is used. The concepts introduced are validated experimentally via high-contrast label-free imaging of weakly scattering nanosized specimens such as extra-cellular vesicles (EVs), liposomes, nanobeads and biological cells such as fixed and live HeLa cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T21:35:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c9d0e631ba67407fb17f14c0bb65d32f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2192-8614 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T21:35:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanophotonics |
| spelling | doaj.art-c9d0e631ba67407fb17f14c0bb65d32f2023-01-19T12:47:00ZengDe GruyterNanophotonics2192-86142022-06-0111153421343610.1515/nanoph-2022-0100Multi-moded high-index contrast optical waveguide for super-contrast high-resolution label-free microscopyJayakumar Nikhil0Dullo Firehun T.1Dubey Vishesh2Ahmad Azeem3Ströhl Florian4Cauzzo Jennifer5Guerreiro Eduarda Mazagao6Snir Omri7Skalko-Basnet Natasa8Agarwal Krishna9Ahluwalia Balpreet Singh10Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø9037, NorwayDepartment of Microsystems and Nanotechnology, SINTEF Digital, Gaustadalleen 23C, 0373Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø9037, NorwayDepartment of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø9037, NorwayDepartment of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø9037, NorwayDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø9037, NorwayDepartment of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø9037, NorwayDepartment of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø9037, NorwayDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø9037, NorwayDepartment of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø9037, NorwayDepartment of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø9037, NorwayThe article elucidates the physical mechanism behind the generation of superior-contrast and high-resolution label-free images using an optical waveguide. Imaging is realized by employing a high index contrast multi-moded waveguide as a partially coherent light source. The modes provide near-field illumination of unlabeled samples, thereby repositioning the higher spatial frequencies of the sample into the far-field. These modes coherently scatter off the sample with different phases and are engineered to have random spatial distributions within the integration time of the camera. This mitigates the coherent speckle noise and enhances the contrast (2–10) × as opposed to other imaging techniques. Besides, the coherent scattering of the different modes gives rise to fluctuations in intensity. The technique demonstrated here is named chip-based Evanescent Light Scattering (cELS). The concepts introduced through this work are described mathematically and the high-contrast image generation process using a multi-moded waveguide as the light source is explained. The article then explores the feasibility of utilizing fluctuations in the captured images along with fluorescence-based techniques, like intensity-fluctuation algorithms, to mitigate poor-contrast and diffraction-limited resolution in the coherent imaging regime. Furthermore, a straight waveguide is demonstrated to have limited angular diversity between its multiple modes and therefore, for isotropic sample illumination, a multiple-arms waveguide geometry is used. The concepts introduced are validated experimentally via high-contrast label-free imaging of weakly scattering nanosized specimens such as extra-cellular vesicles (EVs), liposomes, nanobeads and biological cells such as fixed and live HeLa cells.https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2022-0100coherence of lighthigh throughput imaginghigh-contrast label-free imaging of nano carriers and biological cellsintensity fluctuation algorithmslabel-free microscopymulti-moded high-index contrast waveguide |
| spellingShingle | Jayakumar Nikhil Dullo Firehun T. Dubey Vishesh Ahmad Azeem Ströhl Florian Cauzzo Jennifer Guerreiro Eduarda Mazagao Snir Omri Skalko-Basnet Natasa Agarwal Krishna Ahluwalia Balpreet Singh Multi-moded high-index contrast optical waveguide for super-contrast high-resolution label-free microscopy Nanophotonics coherence of light high throughput imaging high-contrast label-free imaging of nano carriers and biological cells intensity fluctuation algorithms label-free microscopy multi-moded high-index contrast waveguide |
| title | Multi-moded high-index contrast optical waveguide for super-contrast high-resolution label-free microscopy |
| title_full | Multi-moded high-index contrast optical waveguide for super-contrast high-resolution label-free microscopy |
| title_fullStr | Multi-moded high-index contrast optical waveguide for super-contrast high-resolution label-free microscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-moded high-index contrast optical waveguide for super-contrast high-resolution label-free microscopy |
| title_short | Multi-moded high-index contrast optical waveguide for super-contrast high-resolution label-free microscopy |
| title_sort | multi moded high index contrast optical waveguide for super contrast high resolution label free microscopy |
| topic | coherence of light high throughput imaging high-contrast label-free imaging of nano carriers and biological cells intensity fluctuation algorithms label-free microscopy multi-moded high-index contrast waveguide |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2022-0100 |
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