Analysis of Polar Lipids in Hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) By-Products by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Polar lipids were extracted from residual biomass of hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) by-products with EtOH and partitioned into aqueous and chloroform fractions. The chloroform fractions were studied for their lipid composition using solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by UHPLC/HRMS a...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/18/5856 |
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| author | Arjun H. Banskota Alysson Jones Joseph P. M. Hui Roumiana Stefanova Ian W. Burton |
| author_facet | Arjun H. Banskota Alysson Jones Joseph P. M. Hui Roumiana Stefanova Ian W. Burton |
| author_sort | Arjun H. Banskota |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polar lipids were extracted from residual biomass of hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) by-products with EtOH and partitioned into aqueous and chloroform fractions. The chloroform fractions were studied for their lipid composition using solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by UHPLC/HRMS and NMR analyses. The <sup>1</sup>H NMR and gravimetric yield of SPE indicated triacylglycerols covered ≥ 51.3% of the chloroform fraction of hemp seed hulls and hemp cake. UHPLC/HRMS analyses of remaining polar lipids led to the identification of nine diacylglycerols (DAGs), six lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), five lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs), eight phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), and thirteen phosphatidylcholines (PCs) for the first time from hemp seed hulls. The regiospecificity of fatty acyl substitutes in glycerol backbone of individual phospholipids were assigned by analyzing the diagnostic fragment ions and their intensities. The heat-map analysis suggested that DAG 18:2/18:2, 1-LPC 18:2, 1-LPE 18:2, PE 18:2/18:2, and PC 18:2/18:2 were the predominant molecules within their classes, supported by the fact that linoleic acid was the major fatty acid covering > 41.1% of the total fatty acids determined by GC-FID analysis. The <sup>31</sup>P NMR analysis confirmed the identification of phospholipids and suggested PC covers ≥ 37.9% of the total phospholipid present in hemp by-products. HPLC purification led to the isolation of 1,2-dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine and 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine. These two major PCs further confirmed the UHPLC/HRMS finding. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:02:19Z |
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| id | doaj.art-c9d2e18627ba426a9f1f2e7bc2a74216 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:02:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-c9d2e18627ba426a9f1f2e7bc2a742162023-11-23T18:00:03ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-09-012718585610.3390/molecules27185856Analysis of Polar Lipids in Hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) By-Products by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography and High-Resolution Mass SpectrometryArjun H. Banskota0Alysson Jones1Joseph P. M. Hui2Roumiana Stefanova3Ian W. Burton4Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, CanadaAquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, CanadaAquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, CanadaAquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, CanadaAquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, CanadaPolar lipids were extracted from residual biomass of hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) by-products with EtOH and partitioned into aqueous and chloroform fractions. The chloroform fractions were studied for their lipid composition using solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by UHPLC/HRMS and NMR analyses. The <sup>1</sup>H NMR and gravimetric yield of SPE indicated triacylglycerols covered ≥ 51.3% of the chloroform fraction of hemp seed hulls and hemp cake. UHPLC/HRMS analyses of remaining polar lipids led to the identification of nine diacylglycerols (DAGs), six lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), five lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs), eight phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), and thirteen phosphatidylcholines (PCs) for the first time from hemp seed hulls. The regiospecificity of fatty acyl substitutes in glycerol backbone of individual phospholipids were assigned by analyzing the diagnostic fragment ions and their intensities. The heat-map analysis suggested that DAG 18:2/18:2, 1-LPC 18:2, 1-LPE 18:2, PE 18:2/18:2, and PC 18:2/18:2 were the predominant molecules within their classes, supported by the fact that linoleic acid was the major fatty acid covering > 41.1% of the total fatty acids determined by GC-FID analysis. The <sup>31</sup>P NMR analysis confirmed the identification of phospholipids and suggested PC covers ≥ 37.9% of the total phospholipid present in hemp by-products. HPLC purification led to the isolation of 1,2-dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine and 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine. These two major PCs further confirmed the UHPLC/HRMS finding.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/18/5856hempdiacylglycerolsphospholipidsphosphatidylcholinelysophosphatidylcholinelysophosphatidylethanolamine |
| spellingShingle | Arjun H. Banskota Alysson Jones Joseph P. M. Hui Roumiana Stefanova Ian W. Burton Analysis of Polar Lipids in Hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) By-Products by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Molecules hemp diacylglycerols phospholipids phosphatidylcholine lysophosphatidylcholine lysophosphatidylethanolamine |
| title | Analysis of Polar Lipids in Hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) By-Products by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full | Analysis of Polar Lipids in Hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) By-Products by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Polar Lipids in Hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) By-Products by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Polar Lipids in Hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) By-Products by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry |
| title_short | Analysis of Polar Lipids in Hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) By-Products by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry |
| title_sort | analysis of polar lipids in hemp i cannabis sativa i l by products by ultra high performance liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry |
| topic | hemp diacylglycerols phospholipids phosphatidylcholine lysophosphatidylcholine lysophosphatidylethanolamine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/18/5856 |
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