<i>Euonymus alatus</i> Twig Extract Protects against Scopolamine-Induced Changes in Brain and Brain-Derived Cells via Cholinergic and BDNF Pathways
In the current study, the therapeutic and preventive effects of <i>Euonymus alatus</i> (EA) twig extract were investigated in a mouse model of cognitive deficit and B35 cells. Twig extract 1 was extracted with 70% ethanol and later twig extract 2 was extracted through liquid-liquid extra...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/1/128 |
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| author | Pallavi Gurung Rajeev Shrestha Junmo Lim Til Bahadur Thapa Magar Han-Hyuk Kim Yong-Wan Kim |
| author_facet | Pallavi Gurung Rajeev Shrestha Junmo Lim Til Bahadur Thapa Magar Han-Hyuk Kim Yong-Wan Kim |
| author_sort | Pallavi Gurung |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the current study, the therapeutic and preventive effects of <i>Euonymus alatus</i> (EA) twig extract were investigated in a mouse model of cognitive deficit and B35 cells. Twig extract 1 was extracted with 70% ethanol and later twig extract 2 was extracted through liquid-liquid extraction with 70% ethanol and hexane. EA twig 2 (300 mg/kg) along with the standard drug donepezil (5 mg/kg) were orally administered to the mice for 34 days. Scopolamine was given intraperitoneally for 7 days. Administration of EA twig extract 2 significantly improved the passive avoidance test (PAT) in mice. EA twigs extract also restored the scopolamine-reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)/cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) signaling in B35 cells and the mouse hippocampus. In addition, EA twig extract significantly inhibited the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity in B35 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Chromatography and ESI MS analysis of EA twig extract revealed the presence of flavonoids; epicatechin, taxifolin, aromadendrin, and naringenin with catechin being the most abundant. These flavonoids exerted protective effects alone and had the possibility of synergistic effects in combination. Our work unmasks the ameliorating effect of EA twig extract 2 on scopolamine-associated cognitive impairments through the restoration of cholinergic systems and the BDNF/ERK/CREB pathway. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:04:04Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:04:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-c9db1221f91f47f6adaa6f6c16c57d0e2023-11-30T23:00:44ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-12-0115112810.3390/nu15010128<i>Euonymus alatus</i> Twig Extract Protects against Scopolamine-Induced Changes in Brain and Brain-Derived Cells via Cholinergic and BDNF PathwaysPallavi Gurung0Rajeev Shrestha1Junmo Lim2Til Bahadur Thapa Magar3Han-Hyuk Kim4Yong-Wan Kim5Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaDongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaDongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaDongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaMedical Convergence Textile Center, Gyeongbuk Technopark, Gyeongsan 38412, Republic of KoreaDongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaIn the current study, the therapeutic and preventive effects of <i>Euonymus alatus</i> (EA) twig extract were investigated in a mouse model of cognitive deficit and B35 cells. Twig extract 1 was extracted with 70% ethanol and later twig extract 2 was extracted through liquid-liquid extraction with 70% ethanol and hexane. EA twig 2 (300 mg/kg) along with the standard drug donepezil (5 mg/kg) were orally administered to the mice for 34 days. Scopolamine was given intraperitoneally for 7 days. Administration of EA twig extract 2 significantly improved the passive avoidance test (PAT) in mice. EA twigs extract also restored the scopolamine-reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)/cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) signaling in B35 cells and the mouse hippocampus. In addition, EA twig extract significantly inhibited the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity in B35 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Chromatography and ESI MS analysis of EA twig extract revealed the presence of flavonoids; epicatechin, taxifolin, aromadendrin, and naringenin with catechin being the most abundant. These flavonoids exerted protective effects alone and had the possibility of synergistic effects in combination. Our work unmasks the ameliorating effect of EA twig extract 2 on scopolamine-associated cognitive impairments through the restoration of cholinergic systems and the BDNF/ERK/CREB pathway.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/1/128cognitive deficitsscopolaminebrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)catechinacetylcholine esterasehippocampus |
| spellingShingle | Pallavi Gurung Rajeev Shrestha Junmo Lim Til Bahadur Thapa Magar Han-Hyuk Kim Yong-Wan Kim <i>Euonymus alatus</i> Twig Extract Protects against Scopolamine-Induced Changes in Brain and Brain-Derived Cells via Cholinergic and BDNF Pathways Nutrients cognitive deficits scopolamine brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) catechin acetylcholine esterase hippocampus |
| title | <i>Euonymus alatus</i> Twig Extract Protects against Scopolamine-Induced Changes in Brain and Brain-Derived Cells via Cholinergic and BDNF Pathways |
| title_full | <i>Euonymus alatus</i> Twig Extract Protects against Scopolamine-Induced Changes in Brain and Brain-Derived Cells via Cholinergic and BDNF Pathways |
| title_fullStr | <i>Euonymus alatus</i> Twig Extract Protects against Scopolamine-Induced Changes in Brain and Brain-Derived Cells via Cholinergic and BDNF Pathways |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Euonymus alatus</i> Twig Extract Protects against Scopolamine-Induced Changes in Brain and Brain-Derived Cells via Cholinergic and BDNF Pathways |
| title_short | <i>Euonymus alatus</i> Twig Extract Protects against Scopolamine-Induced Changes in Brain and Brain-Derived Cells via Cholinergic and BDNF Pathways |
| title_sort | i euonymus alatus i twig extract protects against scopolamine induced changes in brain and brain derived cells via cholinergic and bdnf pathways |
| topic | cognitive deficits scopolamine brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) catechin acetylcholine esterase hippocampus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/1/128 |
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