Novel Nanoconjugate of Apamin and Ceftriaxone for Management of Diabetic Wounds
Diabetic hyperglycemia delays wound healing, leading to serious consequences. Topical antibiotics can reduce the risk of a wound infection during healing; nevertheless, the microbial fight against antibiotics brings about public health challenges. Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) belong to a novel cla...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/7/1096 |
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| author | Abdullah A. Alamoudi Awaad S. Alharbi Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin Zuhier A. Awan Solomon Z. Okbazghi Osama A. A. Ahmed Nabil A. Alhakamy Usama A. Fahmy Ahmed Esmat |
| author_facet | Abdullah A. Alamoudi Awaad S. Alharbi Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin Zuhier A. Awan Solomon Z. Okbazghi Osama A. A. Ahmed Nabil A. Alhakamy Usama A. Fahmy Ahmed Esmat |
| author_sort | Abdullah A. Alamoudi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Diabetic hyperglycemia delays wound healing, leading to serious consequences. Topical antibiotics can reduce the risk of a wound infection during healing; nevertheless, the microbial fight against antibiotics brings about public health challenges. Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) belong to a novel class of drug that is used to prevent and treat systemic and topical infections. The aim of the current work was to achieve better wound healing in diabetic rats by conjugating the anti-microbial peptide “apamin” (APA) with the broad-spectrum antibiotic “ceftriaxone” (CTX) to form a nanocomplex. The CTX–APA nanoconjugate formulation was optimized using a Box–Behnken design. The optimized CTX–APA nanoconjugate formulation was evaluated for its size and zeta potential, and was then examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The CTX–APA nanoconjugate was loaded onto a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (2% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>)-based hydrogel. It was observed that the application of the CTX–APA nanocomplex on the wounded skin of diabetic rats accelerated the regeneration of the epithelium, granulation tissue formation, epidermal proliferation, and keratinization. The nanocomplex was capable of significantly reducing the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), while increasing the expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) as well as the angiogenic markers: hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Conclusively, the application of an ion-paired CTX–APA nanocomplex enhances wound healing in diabetic rats. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:30:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c9e09026a9644b20aba4080629dd15d7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:30:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-c9e09026a9644b20aba4080629dd15d72023-11-30T21:18:37ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292022-07-01127109610.3390/life12071096Novel Nanoconjugate of Apamin and Ceftriaxone for Management of Diabetic WoundsAbdullah A. Alamoudi0Awaad S. Alharbi1Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim2Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin3Zuhier A. Awan4Solomon Z. Okbazghi5Osama A. A. Ahmed6Nabil A. Alhakamy7Usama A. Fahmy8Ahmed Esmat9Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaGlobal Analytical and Pharmaceutical Development, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, CT 06510, USADepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDiabetic hyperglycemia delays wound healing, leading to serious consequences. Topical antibiotics can reduce the risk of a wound infection during healing; nevertheless, the microbial fight against antibiotics brings about public health challenges. Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) belong to a novel class of drug that is used to prevent and treat systemic and topical infections. The aim of the current work was to achieve better wound healing in diabetic rats by conjugating the anti-microbial peptide “apamin” (APA) with the broad-spectrum antibiotic “ceftriaxone” (CTX) to form a nanocomplex. The CTX–APA nanoconjugate formulation was optimized using a Box–Behnken design. The optimized CTX–APA nanoconjugate formulation was evaluated for its size and zeta potential, and was then examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The CTX–APA nanoconjugate was loaded onto a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (2% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>)-based hydrogel. It was observed that the application of the CTX–APA nanocomplex on the wounded skin of diabetic rats accelerated the regeneration of the epithelium, granulation tissue formation, epidermal proliferation, and keratinization. The nanocomplex was capable of significantly reducing the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), while increasing the expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) as well as the angiogenic markers: hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Conclusively, the application of an ion-paired CTX–APA nanocomplex enhances wound healing in diabetic rats.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/7/1096anti-microbial peptidesceftriaxoneapaminhydrogeldiabetic woundsoptimization |
| spellingShingle | Abdullah A. Alamoudi Awaad S. Alharbi Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin Zuhier A. Awan Solomon Z. Okbazghi Osama A. A. Ahmed Nabil A. Alhakamy Usama A. Fahmy Ahmed Esmat Novel Nanoconjugate of Apamin and Ceftriaxone for Management of Diabetic Wounds Life anti-microbial peptides ceftriaxone apamin hydrogel diabetic wounds optimization |
| title | Novel Nanoconjugate of Apamin and Ceftriaxone for Management of Diabetic Wounds |
| title_full | Novel Nanoconjugate of Apamin and Ceftriaxone for Management of Diabetic Wounds |
| title_fullStr | Novel Nanoconjugate of Apamin and Ceftriaxone for Management of Diabetic Wounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel Nanoconjugate of Apamin and Ceftriaxone for Management of Diabetic Wounds |
| title_short | Novel Nanoconjugate of Apamin and Ceftriaxone for Management of Diabetic Wounds |
| title_sort | novel nanoconjugate of apamin and ceftriaxone for management of diabetic wounds |
| topic | anti-microbial peptides ceftriaxone apamin hydrogel diabetic wounds optimization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/7/1096 |
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