An insight into hypothesized biological mechanisms contributing to the Flash effect
In recent years, FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH RT) has gained attention in preclinical studies as a potential advancement in cancer treatment. The great advantage of FLASH RT is the ultra-fast, high doses delivery that have a similar or greater effect on cancer cells while sparing normal, healthy tissue...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Physics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2023.1201708/full |
| _version_ | 1797822430184472576 |
|---|---|
| author | Francesca Del Debbio Maria Sofia Bertilacchi Alessandra Gonnelli Alessandra Gonnelli Eleonora Da Pozzo Eleonora Da Pozzo Eleonora Da Pozzo Valentina Tozzini Valentina Tozzini Claudia Martini Claudia Martini Claudia Martini Simone Capaccioli Simone Capaccioli Simone Capaccioli Barbara Costa Barbara Costa |
| author_facet | Francesca Del Debbio Maria Sofia Bertilacchi Alessandra Gonnelli Alessandra Gonnelli Eleonora Da Pozzo Eleonora Da Pozzo Eleonora Da Pozzo Valentina Tozzini Valentina Tozzini Claudia Martini Claudia Martini Claudia Martini Simone Capaccioli Simone Capaccioli Simone Capaccioli Barbara Costa Barbara Costa |
| author_sort | Francesca Del Debbio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH RT) has gained attention in preclinical studies as a potential advancement in cancer treatment. The great advantage of FLASH RT is the ultra-fast, high doses delivery that have a similar or greater effect on cancer cells while sparing normal, healthy tissue surrounding the tumor site. This is known as the FLASH effect. However, currently, there are not enough in vitro and in vivo data to transpose FLASH RT to human trials. This mini review summarizes the available in vitro data on electron beam FLASH, focusing on possible mechanisms of the FLASH effect. Current studies have focused on various types of cancer, including lung cancer, glioblastoma, uterus adenocarcinoma, cervix carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, melanoma, breast cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and colon adenocarcinoma. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the biological mechanisms contributing to the to the selective FLASH effect, including differences between healthy and cancer cells in production of reactive oxygen species and free radicals, limitation of Fenton reaction caused by high Fe2+/3+ levels in tumor cells, and impaired DNA damage repair mechanisms occurring in cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:08:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c9e1f736b2c0448b8bbba478bd27c878 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-424X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:08:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-c9e1f736b2c0448b8bbba478bd27c8782023-05-22T08:40:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physics2296-424X2023-05-011110.3389/fphy.2023.12017081201708An insight into hypothesized biological mechanisms contributing to the Flash effectFrancesca Del Debbio0Maria Sofia Bertilacchi1Alessandra Gonnelli2Alessandra Gonnelli3Eleonora Da Pozzo4Eleonora Da Pozzo5Eleonora Da Pozzo6Valentina Tozzini7Valentina Tozzini8Claudia Martini9Claudia Martini10Claudia Martini11Simone Capaccioli12Simone Capaccioli13Simone Capaccioli14Barbara Costa15Barbara Costa16Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Pisa, ItalyCentro Pisano Multidisciplinare Sulla Ricerca e Implementazione Clinica Della Flash Radiotherapy (CPFR), CPFR@CISUP Facilities—Università di Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyCentro Pisano Multidisciplinare Sulla Ricerca e Implementazione Clinica Della Flash Radiotherapy (CPFR), CPFR@CISUP Facilities—Università di Pisa, Pisa, ItalyCenter for Instrument Sharing University of Pisa (CISUP), Pisa, ItalyCentro Pisano Multidisciplinare Sulla Ricerca e Implementazione Clinica Della Flash Radiotherapy (CPFR), CPFR@CISUP Facilities—Università di Pisa, Pisa, ItalyIstituto Nanoscienze—CNR, NEST-Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyCentro Pisano Multidisciplinare Sulla Ricerca e Implementazione Clinica Della Flash Radiotherapy (CPFR), CPFR@CISUP Facilities—Università di Pisa, Pisa, ItalyCenter for Instrument Sharing University of Pisa (CISUP), Pisa, ItalyCentro Pisano Multidisciplinare Sulla Ricerca e Implementazione Clinica Della Flash Radiotherapy (CPFR), CPFR@CISUP Facilities—Università di Pisa, Pisa, ItalyCenter for Instrument Sharing University of Pisa (CISUP), Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Physics, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyCenter for Instrument Sharing University of Pisa (CISUP), Pisa, ItalyIn recent years, FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH RT) has gained attention in preclinical studies as a potential advancement in cancer treatment. The great advantage of FLASH RT is the ultra-fast, high doses delivery that have a similar or greater effect on cancer cells while sparing normal, healthy tissue surrounding the tumor site. This is known as the FLASH effect. However, currently, there are not enough in vitro and in vivo data to transpose FLASH RT to human trials. This mini review summarizes the available in vitro data on electron beam FLASH, focusing on possible mechanisms of the FLASH effect. Current studies have focused on various types of cancer, including lung cancer, glioblastoma, uterus adenocarcinoma, cervix carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, melanoma, breast cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and colon adenocarcinoma. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the biological mechanisms contributing to the to the selective FLASH effect, including differences between healthy and cancer cells in production of reactive oxygen species and free radicals, limitation of Fenton reaction caused by high Fe2+/3+ levels in tumor cells, and impaired DNA damage repair mechanisms occurring in cancer.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2023.1201708/fullradiotherapymulti-scale modelingFlash effectscancerDNA damage repair mechanisms |
| spellingShingle | Francesca Del Debbio Maria Sofia Bertilacchi Alessandra Gonnelli Alessandra Gonnelli Eleonora Da Pozzo Eleonora Da Pozzo Eleonora Da Pozzo Valentina Tozzini Valentina Tozzini Claudia Martini Claudia Martini Claudia Martini Simone Capaccioli Simone Capaccioli Simone Capaccioli Barbara Costa Barbara Costa An insight into hypothesized biological mechanisms contributing to the Flash effect Frontiers in Physics radiotherapy multi-scale modeling Flash effects cancer DNA damage repair mechanisms |
| title | An insight into hypothesized biological mechanisms contributing to the Flash effect |
| title_full | An insight into hypothesized biological mechanisms contributing to the Flash effect |
| title_fullStr | An insight into hypothesized biological mechanisms contributing to the Flash effect |
| title_full_unstemmed | An insight into hypothesized biological mechanisms contributing to the Flash effect |
| title_short | An insight into hypothesized biological mechanisms contributing to the Flash effect |
| title_sort | insight into hypothesized biological mechanisms contributing to the flash effect |
| topic | radiotherapy multi-scale modeling Flash effects cancer DNA damage repair mechanisms |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2023.1201708/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT francescadeldebbio aninsightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT mariasofiabertilacchi aninsightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT alessandragonnelli aninsightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT alessandragonnelli aninsightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT eleonoradapozzo aninsightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT eleonoradapozzo aninsightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT eleonoradapozzo aninsightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT valentinatozzini aninsightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT valentinatozzini aninsightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT claudiamartini aninsightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT claudiamartini aninsightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT claudiamartini aninsightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT simonecapaccioli aninsightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT simonecapaccioli aninsightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT simonecapaccioli aninsightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT barbaracosta aninsightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT barbaracosta aninsightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT francescadeldebbio insightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT mariasofiabertilacchi insightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT alessandragonnelli insightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT alessandragonnelli insightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT eleonoradapozzo insightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT eleonoradapozzo insightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT eleonoradapozzo insightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT valentinatozzini insightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT valentinatozzini insightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT claudiamartini insightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT claudiamartini insightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT claudiamartini insightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT simonecapaccioli insightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT simonecapaccioli insightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT simonecapaccioli insightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT barbaracosta insightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect AT barbaracosta insightintohypothesizedbiologicalmechanismscontributingtotheflasheffect |