Recent Advances in Macrocyclic Drugs and Microwave-Assisted and/or Solid-Supported Synthesis of Macrocycles
Macrocycles represent attractive candidates in organic synthesis and drug discovery. Since 2014, nineteen macrocyclic drugs, including three radiopharmaceuticals, have been approved by FDA for the treatment of bacterial and viral infections, cancer, obesity, immunosuppression, etc. As such, new synt...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/3/1012 |
| _version_ | 1797485986916073472 |
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| author | Dianqing Sun |
| author_facet | Dianqing Sun |
| author_sort | Dianqing Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Macrocycles represent attractive candidates in organic synthesis and drug discovery. Since 2014, nineteen macrocyclic drugs, including three radiopharmaceuticals, have been approved by FDA for the treatment of bacterial and viral infections, cancer, obesity, immunosuppression, etc. As such, new synthetic methodologies and high throughput chemistry (e.g., microwave-assisted and/or solid-phase synthesis) to access various macrocycle entities have attracted great interest in this chemical space. This article serves as an update on our previous review related to macrocyclic drugs and new synthetic strategies toward macrocycles (<i>Molecules</i>, <b>2013</b>, <i>18</i>, 6230). In this work, I first reviewed recent FDA-approved macrocyclic drugs since 2014, followed by new advances in macrocycle synthesis using high throughput chemistry, including microwave-assisted and/or solid-supported macrocyclization strategies. Examples and highlights of macrocyclization include macrolactonization and macrolactamization, transition-metal catalyzed olefin ring-closure metathesis, intramolecular C–C and C–heteroatom cross-coupling, copper- or ruthenium-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition, intramolecular S<sub>N</sub>Ar or S<sub>N</sub>2 nucleophilic substitution, condensation reaction, and multi-component reaction-mediated macrocyclization, and covering the literature since 2010. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:27:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c9e23fd9614345c48c378e244a05c19d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:27:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-c9e23fd9614345c48c378e244a05c19d2023-11-23T17:16:08ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-02-01273101210.3390/molecules27031012Recent Advances in Macrocyclic Drugs and Microwave-Assisted and/or Solid-Supported Synthesis of MacrocyclesDianqing Sun0Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USAMacrocycles represent attractive candidates in organic synthesis and drug discovery. Since 2014, nineteen macrocyclic drugs, including three radiopharmaceuticals, have been approved by FDA for the treatment of bacterial and viral infections, cancer, obesity, immunosuppression, etc. As such, new synthetic methodologies and high throughput chemistry (e.g., microwave-assisted and/or solid-phase synthesis) to access various macrocycle entities have attracted great interest in this chemical space. This article serves as an update on our previous review related to macrocyclic drugs and new synthetic strategies toward macrocycles (<i>Molecules</i>, <b>2013</b>, <i>18</i>, 6230). In this work, I first reviewed recent FDA-approved macrocyclic drugs since 2014, followed by new advances in macrocycle synthesis using high throughput chemistry, including microwave-assisted and/or solid-supported macrocyclization strategies. Examples and highlights of macrocyclization include macrolactonization and macrolactamization, transition-metal catalyzed olefin ring-closure metathesis, intramolecular C–C and C–heteroatom cross-coupling, copper- or ruthenium-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition, intramolecular S<sub>N</sub>Ar or S<sub>N</sub>2 nucleophilic substitution, condensation reaction, and multi-component reaction-mediated macrocyclization, and covering the literature since 2010.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/3/1012high throughput chemistrymicrowavemacrocyclizationmacrocyclemacrocyclic drugssolid-phase |
| spellingShingle | Dianqing Sun Recent Advances in Macrocyclic Drugs and Microwave-Assisted and/or Solid-Supported Synthesis of Macrocycles Molecules high throughput chemistry microwave macrocyclization macrocycle macrocyclic drugs solid-phase |
| title | Recent Advances in Macrocyclic Drugs and Microwave-Assisted and/or Solid-Supported Synthesis of Macrocycles |
| title_full | Recent Advances in Macrocyclic Drugs and Microwave-Assisted and/or Solid-Supported Synthesis of Macrocycles |
| title_fullStr | Recent Advances in Macrocyclic Drugs and Microwave-Assisted and/or Solid-Supported Synthesis of Macrocycles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent Advances in Macrocyclic Drugs and Microwave-Assisted and/or Solid-Supported Synthesis of Macrocycles |
| title_short | Recent Advances in Macrocyclic Drugs and Microwave-Assisted and/or Solid-Supported Synthesis of Macrocycles |
| title_sort | recent advances in macrocyclic drugs and microwave assisted and or solid supported synthesis of macrocycles |
| topic | high throughput chemistry microwave macrocyclization macrocycle macrocyclic drugs solid-phase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/3/1012 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dianqingsun recentadvancesinmacrocyclicdrugsandmicrowaveassistedandorsolidsupportedsynthesisofmacrocycles |