A novel ventriculoperitoneal shunt flow sensor based on electrically induced spatial variation in cerebrospinal fluid charge density
Introduction: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts divert cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) out of cerebral ventricles in patients with hydrocephalus or elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Despite high failure rates, there exist limited clinically viable solutions for long-term and continuous outpatient monit...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1339831/full |
| _version_ | 1797356561727750144 |
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| author | David A. Zarrin Matiar Jafari Won Kim Geoffrey P. Colby |
| author_facet | David A. Zarrin Matiar Jafari Won Kim Geoffrey P. Colby |
| author_sort | David A. Zarrin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts divert cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) out of cerebral ventricles in patients with hydrocephalus or elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Despite high failure rates, there exist limited clinically viable solutions for long-term and continuous outpatient monitoring of CSF flow rate through VP shunts. We present a novel, low-power method for sensing analog CSF flow rate through a VP shunt premised on induced spatial electrical charge variation.Methods: Two geometric variants of the proposed sensing mechanism were prototyped: linear wire (P1) and cylindrical (P2) electrodes. Normal saline was gravity-driven through P1 and a commercially available shunt system in series. True flow rates were measured using a high-precision analytical balance. Subsequently, artificial CSF was driven by a programmable syringe pump through P2. Flow rate prediction models were empirically derived and tested. Sensor response was also assessed during simulated obstruction trials. Finally, power consumption per flow measurement was measured.Results: P1 (17 mm long) and P2 (22 mm long) averaged 7.2% and 4.2% error, respectively, in flow rate measurement from 0.01 to 0.90 mL/min. Response curves exhibited an appreciably flattened profile during obstruction trials compared to non-obstructed states. P2 consumed 37.5 µJoules per flow measurement.Conclusion: We propose a novel method for accurately sensing CSF flow rate through a VP shunt and validate this method at the benchtop with normal saline and artificial CSF over a board range of flows (0.01–0.90 mL/min). The sensing element is highly power efficient, compact, insertable into existing shunt and valve assemblies, and does not alter CSF flow mechanics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:28:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c9e4a2c38b724af7921861d6cf391da7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-4185 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:28:28Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c9e4a2c38b724af7921861d6cf391da72024-01-12T16:48:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852024-01-011110.3389/fbioe.2023.13398311339831A novel ventriculoperitoneal shunt flow sensor based on electrically induced spatial variation in cerebrospinal fluid charge densityDavid A. Zarrin0Matiar Jafari1Won Kim2Geoffrey P. Colby3David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesIntroduction: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts divert cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) out of cerebral ventricles in patients with hydrocephalus or elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Despite high failure rates, there exist limited clinically viable solutions for long-term and continuous outpatient monitoring of CSF flow rate through VP shunts. We present a novel, low-power method for sensing analog CSF flow rate through a VP shunt premised on induced spatial electrical charge variation.Methods: Two geometric variants of the proposed sensing mechanism were prototyped: linear wire (P1) and cylindrical (P2) electrodes. Normal saline was gravity-driven through P1 and a commercially available shunt system in series. True flow rates were measured using a high-precision analytical balance. Subsequently, artificial CSF was driven by a programmable syringe pump through P2. Flow rate prediction models were empirically derived and tested. Sensor response was also assessed during simulated obstruction trials. Finally, power consumption per flow measurement was measured.Results: P1 (17 mm long) and P2 (22 mm long) averaged 7.2% and 4.2% error, respectively, in flow rate measurement from 0.01 to 0.90 mL/min. Response curves exhibited an appreciably flattened profile during obstruction trials compared to non-obstructed states. P2 consumed 37.5 µJoules per flow measurement.Conclusion: We propose a novel method for accurately sensing CSF flow rate through a VP shunt and validate this method at the benchtop with normal saline and artificial CSF over a board range of flows (0.01–0.90 mL/min). The sensing element is highly power efficient, compact, insertable into existing shunt and valve assemblies, and does not alter CSF flow mechanics.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1339831/fullventriculoperitoneal shuntscerebrospinal fluidhydrocephalusflow sensingcerebral ventricles |
| spellingShingle | David A. Zarrin Matiar Jafari Won Kim Geoffrey P. Colby A novel ventriculoperitoneal shunt flow sensor based on electrically induced spatial variation in cerebrospinal fluid charge density Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology ventriculoperitoneal shunts cerebrospinal fluid hydrocephalus flow sensing cerebral ventricles |
| title | A novel ventriculoperitoneal shunt flow sensor based on electrically induced spatial variation in cerebrospinal fluid charge density |
| title_full | A novel ventriculoperitoneal shunt flow sensor based on electrically induced spatial variation in cerebrospinal fluid charge density |
| title_fullStr | A novel ventriculoperitoneal shunt flow sensor based on electrically induced spatial variation in cerebrospinal fluid charge density |
| title_full_unstemmed | A novel ventriculoperitoneal shunt flow sensor based on electrically induced spatial variation in cerebrospinal fluid charge density |
| title_short | A novel ventriculoperitoneal shunt flow sensor based on electrically induced spatial variation in cerebrospinal fluid charge density |
| title_sort | novel ventriculoperitoneal shunt flow sensor based on electrically induced spatial variation in cerebrospinal fluid charge density |
| topic | ventriculoperitoneal shunts cerebrospinal fluid hydrocephalus flow sensing cerebral ventricles |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1339831/full |
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