No Effects of Anodal tDCS on Local GABA and Glx Levels in the Left Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus
A number of studies investigating the biological effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have found that it may affect local levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate and glutamine (commonly measured together as “Glx” in spectroscop...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neurology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2018.01145/full |
| _version_ | 1819209869302956032 |
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| author | Gerard E. Dwyer Gerard E. Dwyer Alexander R. Craven Alexander R. Craven Marco Hirnstein Marco Hirnstein Kristiina Kompus Kristiina Kompus Jörg Assmus Lars Ersland Lars Ersland Lars Ersland Kenneth Hugdahl Kenneth Hugdahl Kenneth Hugdahl Kenneth Hugdahl Renate Grüner Renate Grüner |
| author_facet | Gerard E. Dwyer Gerard E. Dwyer Alexander R. Craven Alexander R. Craven Marco Hirnstein Marco Hirnstein Kristiina Kompus Kristiina Kompus Jörg Assmus Lars Ersland Lars Ersland Lars Ersland Kenneth Hugdahl Kenneth Hugdahl Kenneth Hugdahl Kenneth Hugdahl Renate Grüner Renate Grüner |
| author_sort | Gerard E. Dwyer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A number of studies investigating the biological effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have found that it may affect local levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate and glutamine (commonly measured together as “Glx” in spectroscopy), and N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), however, these effects depend largely on the stimulation parameters used and the cortical area targeted. Given that different cortical areas may respond to stimulation in different ways, the purpose of this experiment was to assess the as yet unexplored biological effects of tDCS in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), an area that has attracted some attention as a potential target for the treatment of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia patients. Biochemical changes were monitored using continuous, online MRS at a field strength of 3 Tesla. Performing intrascanner stimulation, with continuous spectroscopy before, during and after stimulation, permitted the assessment of acute effects of tDCS that would otherwise be lost when simply comparing pre- and post-stimulation differences. Twenty healthy participants underwent a repeated-measures experiment in which they received both active anodal and sham intrascanner stimulation in a stratified, randomized, double-blind experiment. No significant changes in GABA, Glx, or NAA levels were observed as a result of anodal stimulation, or between active and sham stimulation, suggesting that a single session of anodal tDCS to the pSTG may be less effective than in other cortical areas that have been similarly investigated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T06:02:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c9f2329c32274ff6b915a957e233c244 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2295 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T06:02:08Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neurology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c9f2329c32274ff6b915a957e233c2442022-12-21T17:57:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952019-01-01910.3389/fneur.2018.01145381242No Effects of Anodal tDCS on Local GABA and Glx Levels in the Left Posterior Superior Temporal GyrusGerard E. Dwyer0Gerard E. Dwyer1Alexander R. Craven2Alexander R. Craven3Marco Hirnstein4Marco Hirnstein5Kristiina Kompus6Kristiina Kompus7Jörg Assmus8Lars Ersland9Lars Ersland10Lars Ersland11Kenneth Hugdahl12Kenneth Hugdahl13Kenneth Hugdahl14Kenneth Hugdahl15Renate Grüner16Renate Grüner17Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayNORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayNORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayNORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayNORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayCentre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayNORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayNORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayDivision of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayA number of studies investigating the biological effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have found that it may affect local levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate and glutamine (commonly measured together as “Glx” in spectroscopy), and N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), however, these effects depend largely on the stimulation parameters used and the cortical area targeted. Given that different cortical areas may respond to stimulation in different ways, the purpose of this experiment was to assess the as yet unexplored biological effects of tDCS in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), an area that has attracted some attention as a potential target for the treatment of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia patients. Biochemical changes were monitored using continuous, online MRS at a field strength of 3 Tesla. Performing intrascanner stimulation, with continuous spectroscopy before, during and after stimulation, permitted the assessment of acute effects of tDCS that would otherwise be lost when simply comparing pre- and post-stimulation differences. Twenty healthy participants underwent a repeated-measures experiment in which they received both active anodal and sham intrascanner stimulation in a stratified, randomized, double-blind experiment. No significant changes in GABA, Glx, or NAA levels were observed as a result of anodal stimulation, or between active and sham stimulation, suggesting that a single session of anodal tDCS to the pSTG may be less effective than in other cortical areas that have been similarly investigated.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2018.01145/fulltDCSGABAGlultamatemagnetic resonance spectroscopyMRS |
| spellingShingle | Gerard E. Dwyer Gerard E. Dwyer Alexander R. Craven Alexander R. Craven Marco Hirnstein Marco Hirnstein Kristiina Kompus Kristiina Kompus Jörg Assmus Lars Ersland Lars Ersland Lars Ersland Kenneth Hugdahl Kenneth Hugdahl Kenneth Hugdahl Kenneth Hugdahl Renate Grüner Renate Grüner No Effects of Anodal tDCS on Local GABA and Glx Levels in the Left Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus Frontiers in Neurology tDCS GABA Glultamate magnetic resonance spectroscopy MRS |
| title | No Effects of Anodal tDCS on Local GABA and Glx Levels in the Left Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus |
| title_full | No Effects of Anodal tDCS on Local GABA and Glx Levels in the Left Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus |
| title_fullStr | No Effects of Anodal tDCS on Local GABA and Glx Levels in the Left Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus |
| title_full_unstemmed | No Effects of Anodal tDCS on Local GABA and Glx Levels in the Left Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus |
| title_short | No Effects of Anodal tDCS on Local GABA and Glx Levels in the Left Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus |
| title_sort | no effects of anodal tdcs on local gaba and glx levels in the left posterior superior temporal gyrus |
| topic | tDCS GABA Glultamate magnetic resonance spectroscopy MRS |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2018.01145/full |
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