| Summary: | Background: problem-based learning is a didactic tool for distance professional improvement that is rarely used in Surgery.
Objective: to analyze problem-based learning as a relevant virtual didactic tool for the development of clinical and surgical skills in postoperative peritonitis.
Method: a descriptive qualitative research was carried out at the Hospital "Dr. Ambrosio Grillo" of Santiago de Cuba, from May to July 2022. Methods of the theoretical level were used for the foundation of the research, empirical (performance test with the application of 20 health problems (14 in Spanish and 6 in English) for the theoretical-practical final evaluation of a virtual training in postoperative peritonitis; and mathematics.
Results: it was found that problem-based learning in distance professional improvement in Surgery represents a motivational didactic tool for the development of clinical and surgical skills in postoperative peritonitis and solves deficiencies in the performance of professionals who treat this complication. The use of ICT in contemporary learning facilitates self-preparation through the design of simulated health problems.
Conclusions: problem-based learning is a pertinent tool that contributes to improvements in professional performance when facing serious surgical complications such as postoperative peritonitis, from distance professional improvement.
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