Predicting ground reaction forces of human gait using a simple bipedal spring-mass model
Aircraft design must be lightweight and cost-efficient on the condition of aircraft certification. In addition to standard load cases, human-induced loads can occur in the aircraft interior. These are crucial for optimal design but difficult to estimate. In this study, a simple bipedal spring-mass m...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Royal Society
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Royal Society Open Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.211582 |
| _version_ | 1797840234996563968 |
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| author | Michael Mauersberger Falk Hähnel Klaus Wolf Johannes F. C. Markmiller Alexander Knorr Dominik Krumm Stephan Odenwald |
| author_facet | Michael Mauersberger Falk Hähnel Klaus Wolf Johannes F. C. Markmiller Alexander Knorr Dominik Krumm Stephan Odenwald |
| author_sort | Michael Mauersberger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aircraft design must be lightweight and cost-efficient on the condition of aircraft certification. In addition to standard load cases, human-induced loads can occur in the aircraft interior. These are crucial for optimal design but difficult to estimate. In this study, a simple bipedal spring-mass model with roller feet predicted human-induced loads caused by human gait for use within an end-to-end design process. The prediction needed no further experimental data. Gait movement and ground reaction force (GRF) were simulated by means of two parameter constraints with easily estimable input variables (gait speed, body mass, body height). To calibrate and validate the prediction model, experiments were conducted in which 12 test persons walked in an aircraft mock-up under different conditions. Additional statistical regression models helped to compensate for bipedal model limitations. Direct regression models predicted single GRF parameters as a reference without a bipedal model. The parameter constraint with equal gait speed in experiment and simulation yielded good estimates of force maxima (error 5.3%), while equal initial GRF gave a more reliable prediction. Both parameter constraints predicted contact time very well (error 0.9%). Predictions with the bipedal model including full GRF curves were overall as reliable as the reference. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:11:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ca0ccf04ef5f4c268c8267a6e148e6ed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2054-5703 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:11:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | The Royal Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Royal Society Open Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-ca0ccf04ef5f4c268c8267a6e148e6ed2023-04-24T09:20:18ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032022-07-019710.1098/rsos.211582Predicting ground reaction forces of human gait using a simple bipedal spring-mass modelMichael Mauersberger0Falk Hähnel1Klaus Wolf2Johannes F. C. Markmiller3Alexander Knorr4Dominik Krumm5Stephan Odenwald6Chair of Aircraft Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, GermanyChair of Aircraft Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, GermanyChair of Aircraft Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, GermanyChair of Aircraft Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, GermanyElbe Flugzeugwerke GmbH, 01101 Dresden, GermanyDepartment of Sports Equipment and Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, GermanyDepartment of Sports Equipment and Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, GermanyAircraft design must be lightweight and cost-efficient on the condition of aircraft certification. In addition to standard load cases, human-induced loads can occur in the aircraft interior. These are crucial for optimal design but difficult to estimate. In this study, a simple bipedal spring-mass model with roller feet predicted human-induced loads caused by human gait for use within an end-to-end design process. The prediction needed no further experimental data. Gait movement and ground reaction force (GRF) were simulated by means of two parameter constraints with easily estimable input variables (gait speed, body mass, body height). To calibrate and validate the prediction model, experiments were conducted in which 12 test persons walked in an aircraft mock-up under different conditions. Additional statistical regression models helped to compensate for bipedal model limitations. Direct regression models predicted single GRF parameters as a reference without a bipedal model. The parameter constraint with equal gait speed in experiment and simulation yielded good estimates of force maxima (error 5.3%), while equal initial GRF gave a more reliable prediction. Both parameter constraints predicted contact time very well (error 0.9%). Predictions with the bipedal model including full GRF curves were overall as reliable as the reference.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.211582human gaitbipedal spring-mass modelstructural designground reaction force prediction |
| spellingShingle | Michael Mauersberger Falk Hähnel Klaus Wolf Johannes F. C. Markmiller Alexander Knorr Dominik Krumm Stephan Odenwald Predicting ground reaction forces of human gait using a simple bipedal spring-mass model Royal Society Open Science human gait bipedal spring-mass model structural design ground reaction force prediction |
| title | Predicting ground reaction forces of human gait using a simple bipedal spring-mass model |
| title_full | Predicting ground reaction forces of human gait using a simple bipedal spring-mass model |
| title_fullStr | Predicting ground reaction forces of human gait using a simple bipedal spring-mass model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Predicting ground reaction forces of human gait using a simple bipedal spring-mass model |
| title_short | Predicting ground reaction forces of human gait using a simple bipedal spring-mass model |
| title_sort | predicting ground reaction forces of human gait using a simple bipedal spring mass model |
| topic | human gait bipedal spring-mass model structural design ground reaction force prediction |
| url | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.211582 |
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