Modulation of Cutaneous Carotenoid Content via Ozone Exposure
Ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) is a harmful air pollutant to which we are constantly exposed. Given its strong oxidizing effects and pervasiveness in the air we breathe, O<sub>3</sub> is especially damaging to target organs in the respiratory system (e.g., lungs) and the integumentary...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Cosmetics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/10/4/97 |
| _version_ | 1797585139452084224 |
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| author | Franco Cervellati Mascia Benedusi Angela Mastaloudis Vittoria Nagliati Giuseppe Valacchi |
| author_facet | Franco Cervellati Mascia Benedusi Angela Mastaloudis Vittoria Nagliati Giuseppe Valacchi |
| author_sort | Franco Cervellati |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) is a harmful air pollutant to which we are constantly exposed. Given its strong oxidizing effects and pervasiveness in the air we breathe, O<sub>3</sub> is especially damaging to target organs in the respiratory system (e.g., lungs) and the integumentary apparatus (e.g., skin). Both of these systems act as a barrier and are able to limit the penetration of atmospheric pollutants into the body. In this regard, skin—the largest and main barrier against atmospheric intrusions—offers continuous protection against environmental intrusions. The skin is equipped with several defensive molecules that act as protective intracellular antioxidants against oxidative intrusions, including O<sub>3</sub>. Among these antioxidants are carotenoids, a family of lipophilic phytonutrients that are abundant in fruits and vegetables. It is well established that carotenoids accumulate in the epidermis layer of the skin, where they confer protection against oxidative intrusions and modulate inflammation, and that there is a direct correlation between skin and serum carotenoids level. The present study aimed to evaluate the variations in carotenoid content present in human skin prior to and after O<sub>3</sub> exposure in 141 human subjects. Carotenoids were measured non-invasively using a resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS)-based photonic device (Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner (BPS) Nu Skin Enterprises). In each volunteer, RRS skin carotenoids were determined at baseline and after 15 and 30 min of exposure to O<sub>3</sub> 0.8 ppm. The data obtained have an indicative value for individual variations in the cutaneous carotenoids, which have been shown to correlate with plasmatic contents. After the first 15 min of O<sub>3</sub> exposure, there was a modulation of skin carotenoids, confirming their importance in the maintenance of cutaneous redox homeostasis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:01:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ca1a98048b3f47f390c0a9824a49a15b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9284 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:01:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cosmetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-ca1a98048b3f47f390c0a9824a49a15b2023-11-19T00:43:33ZengMDPI AGCosmetics2079-92842023-07-011049710.3390/cosmetics10040097Modulation of Cutaneous Carotenoid Content via Ozone ExposureFranco Cervellati0Mascia Benedusi1Angela Mastaloudis2Vittoria Nagliati3Giuseppe Valacchi4Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyPharmanex Research, NSE Products, Inc., Provo, UT 84604, USADepartment of Medical Genetics, S. Anna Hospital Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyOzone (O<sub>3</sub>) is a harmful air pollutant to which we are constantly exposed. Given its strong oxidizing effects and pervasiveness in the air we breathe, O<sub>3</sub> is especially damaging to target organs in the respiratory system (e.g., lungs) and the integumentary apparatus (e.g., skin). Both of these systems act as a barrier and are able to limit the penetration of atmospheric pollutants into the body. In this regard, skin—the largest and main barrier against atmospheric intrusions—offers continuous protection against environmental intrusions. The skin is equipped with several defensive molecules that act as protective intracellular antioxidants against oxidative intrusions, including O<sub>3</sub>. Among these antioxidants are carotenoids, a family of lipophilic phytonutrients that are abundant in fruits and vegetables. It is well established that carotenoids accumulate in the epidermis layer of the skin, where they confer protection against oxidative intrusions and modulate inflammation, and that there is a direct correlation between skin and serum carotenoids level. The present study aimed to evaluate the variations in carotenoid content present in human skin prior to and after O<sub>3</sub> exposure in 141 human subjects. Carotenoids were measured non-invasively using a resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS)-based photonic device (Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner (BPS) Nu Skin Enterprises). In each volunteer, RRS skin carotenoids were determined at baseline and after 15 and 30 min of exposure to O<sub>3</sub> 0.8 ppm. The data obtained have an indicative value for individual variations in the cutaneous carotenoids, which have been shown to correlate with plasmatic contents. After the first 15 min of O<sub>3</sub> exposure, there was a modulation of skin carotenoids, confirming their importance in the maintenance of cutaneous redox homeostasis.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/10/4/97skin barriercarotenoidsozone exposureRaman spectroscopystatistics |
| spellingShingle | Franco Cervellati Mascia Benedusi Angela Mastaloudis Vittoria Nagliati Giuseppe Valacchi Modulation of Cutaneous Carotenoid Content via Ozone Exposure Cosmetics skin barrier carotenoids ozone exposure Raman spectroscopy statistics |
| title | Modulation of Cutaneous Carotenoid Content via Ozone Exposure |
| title_full | Modulation of Cutaneous Carotenoid Content via Ozone Exposure |
| title_fullStr | Modulation of Cutaneous Carotenoid Content via Ozone Exposure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modulation of Cutaneous Carotenoid Content via Ozone Exposure |
| title_short | Modulation of Cutaneous Carotenoid Content via Ozone Exposure |
| title_sort | modulation of cutaneous carotenoid content via ozone exposure |
| topic | skin barrier carotenoids ozone exposure Raman spectroscopy statistics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/10/4/97 |
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