Utilization of rye as energy source affects bacterial translocation, intestinal viscosity, microbiota composition and bone mineralization in broiler chickens
Two independent trials were conducted to evaluate the utilization of rye as energy source on bacterial translocation, intestinal viscosity, gut integrity, gut microbiota composition, and bone mineralization, when compared with a traditional cereal (corn) in broiler chickens. In each experiment, day-...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2014-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Genetics |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2014.00339/full |
| _version_ | 1818606770795315200 |
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| author | Guillermo eTellez Juan D. Latorre Vivek A. Kuttappan Michael H. Kogut Amanda eWolfenden Xochitl eHernandez-Velasco Billy M. Hargis Walter eBottje Lisa R. Bielke Olivia eFaulkner |
| author_facet | Guillermo eTellez Juan D. Latorre Vivek A. Kuttappan Michael H. Kogut Amanda eWolfenden Xochitl eHernandez-Velasco Billy M. Hargis Walter eBottje Lisa R. Bielke Olivia eFaulkner |
| author_sort | Guillermo eTellez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Two independent trials were conducted to evaluate the utilization of rye as energy source on bacterial translocation, intestinal viscosity, gut integrity, gut microbiota composition, and bone mineralization, when compared with a traditional cereal (corn) in broiler chickens. In each experiment, day-of-hatch, broiler chickens were randomly assigned to either a corn or a rye diet (n = 20 chickens/group). At 10d of age, in both experiments, 12 chickens/group were randomly selected, and given an oral gavage dose of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d). After 2.5 h of oral gavage, blood samples were collected to determine the passage of FITC-d. The liver was collected from each bird to evaluate bacterial translocation (BT). Duodenum, ileum and cecum gut sections were collected to evaluate intestinal viscosity and to enumerate gut microbiota. Tibias were collected for observation of bone parameters. Broilers fed with rye showed increased (p < 0.05) intestinal viscosity, BT, and serum FITC-d. Bacterial enumeration revealed that chickens fed with rye had increased the number of total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in all three sections of the gastrointestinal tract evaluated when compared to chickens fed with corn. Chickens fed with rye also had significantly higher coliforms in duodenum and ileum, whereas the total number of anaerobes increased only in duodenum. A significant reduction in bone strength and bone mineralization was observed in chickens fed with rye when compared with corn fed chickens. In conclusion, rye evoked mucosal damage in chickens that alter the intestinal viscosity, increased leakage through the intestinal tract, and altered the microbiota composition as well as bone mineralization. Studies to evaluate dietary inclusion of selected DFM candidates that produce exogenous enzymes in rye fed chickens are currently being evaluated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T14:16:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ca34365401de45cfaeeab9dc35f56d1e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-8021 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T14:16:08Z |
| publishDate | 2014-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-ca34365401de45cfaeeab9dc35f56d1e2022-12-21T22:28:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212014-09-01510.3389/fgene.2014.00339109073Utilization of rye as energy source affects bacterial translocation, intestinal viscosity, microbiota composition and bone mineralization in broiler chickensGuillermo eTellez0Juan D. Latorre1Vivek A. Kuttappan2Michael H. Kogut3Amanda eWolfenden4Xochitl eHernandez-Velasco5Billy M. Hargis6Walter eBottje7Lisa R. Bielke8Olivia eFaulkner9University of ArkansasUniversity of ArkansasUniversity of ArkansasUSDA-ARSUniversity of ArkansasFMVZ/UNAMUniversity of ArkansasUniversity of ArkansasUniversity of ArkansasUniversity of ArkansasTwo independent trials were conducted to evaluate the utilization of rye as energy source on bacterial translocation, intestinal viscosity, gut integrity, gut microbiota composition, and bone mineralization, when compared with a traditional cereal (corn) in broiler chickens. In each experiment, day-of-hatch, broiler chickens were randomly assigned to either a corn or a rye diet (n = 20 chickens/group). At 10d of age, in both experiments, 12 chickens/group were randomly selected, and given an oral gavage dose of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d). After 2.5 h of oral gavage, blood samples were collected to determine the passage of FITC-d. The liver was collected from each bird to evaluate bacterial translocation (BT). Duodenum, ileum and cecum gut sections were collected to evaluate intestinal viscosity and to enumerate gut microbiota. Tibias were collected for observation of bone parameters. Broilers fed with rye showed increased (p < 0.05) intestinal viscosity, BT, and serum FITC-d. Bacterial enumeration revealed that chickens fed with rye had increased the number of total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in all three sections of the gastrointestinal tract evaluated when compared to chickens fed with corn. Chickens fed with rye also had significantly higher coliforms in duodenum and ileum, whereas the total number of anaerobes increased only in duodenum. A significant reduction in bone strength and bone mineralization was observed in chickens fed with rye when compared with corn fed chickens. In conclusion, rye evoked mucosal damage in chickens that alter the intestinal viscosity, increased leakage through the intestinal tract, and altered the microbiota composition as well as bone mineralization. Studies to evaluate dietary inclusion of selected DFM candidates that produce exogenous enzymes in rye fed chickens are currently being evaluated.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2014.00339/fullBacterial TranslocationChickensRyeintestinal viscositybone mineralization |
| spellingShingle | Guillermo eTellez Juan D. Latorre Vivek A. Kuttappan Michael H. Kogut Amanda eWolfenden Xochitl eHernandez-Velasco Billy M. Hargis Walter eBottje Lisa R. Bielke Olivia eFaulkner Utilization of rye as energy source affects bacterial translocation, intestinal viscosity, microbiota composition and bone mineralization in broiler chickens Frontiers in Genetics Bacterial Translocation Chickens Rye intestinal viscosity bone mineralization |
| title | Utilization of rye as energy source affects bacterial translocation, intestinal viscosity, microbiota composition and bone mineralization in broiler chickens |
| title_full | Utilization of rye as energy source affects bacterial translocation, intestinal viscosity, microbiota composition and bone mineralization in broiler chickens |
| title_fullStr | Utilization of rye as energy source affects bacterial translocation, intestinal viscosity, microbiota composition and bone mineralization in broiler chickens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Utilization of rye as energy source affects bacterial translocation, intestinal viscosity, microbiota composition and bone mineralization in broiler chickens |
| title_short | Utilization of rye as energy source affects bacterial translocation, intestinal viscosity, microbiota composition and bone mineralization in broiler chickens |
| title_sort | utilization of rye as energy source affects bacterial translocation intestinal viscosity microbiota composition and bone mineralization in broiler chickens |
| topic | Bacterial Translocation Chickens Rye intestinal viscosity bone mineralization |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2014.00339/full |
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