Roles of Nitric Oxide in Brain Ischemia and Reperfusion
Brain ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) is one of the most severe clinical manifestations of ischemic stroke, placing a significant burden on both individuals and society. The only FDA-approved clinical treatment for ischemic stroke is tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), which rapidly restores cerebra...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/8/4243 |
| _version_ | 1797434586363330560 |
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| author | Yijie Wang Fenfang Hong Shulong Yang |
| author_facet | Yijie Wang Fenfang Hong Shulong Yang |
| author_sort | Yijie Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Brain ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) is one of the most severe clinical manifestations of ischemic stroke, placing a significant burden on both individuals and society. The only FDA-approved clinical treatment for ischemic stroke is tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), which rapidly restores cerebral blood flow but can have severe side effects. The complex pathological process of brain I/R has been well-established in the past few years, including energy metabolism disorders, cellular acidosis, doubling of the synthesis or release of excitotoxic amino acids, intracellular calcium homeostasis, free radical production, and activation of apoptotic genes. Recently, accumulating evidence has shown that NO may be strongly related to brain I/R and involved in complex pathological processes. This review focuses on the role of endogenous NO in pathological processes in brain I/R, including neuronal cell death and blood brain barrier disruption, to explore how NO impacts specific signaling cascades and contributes to brain I/R injury. Moreover, NO can rapidly react with superoxide to produce peroxynitrite, which may also mediate brain I/R injury, which is discussed here. Finally, we reveal several therapeutic approaches strongly associated with NO and discuss their potential as a clinical treatment for ischemic stroke. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:34:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ca4ae55c307d43269e508125ab5ba508 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:34:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ca4ae55c307d43269e508125ab5ba5082023-12-01T21:03:19ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-04-01238424310.3390/ijms23084243Roles of Nitric Oxide in Brain Ischemia and ReperfusionYijie Wang0Fenfang Hong1Shulong Yang2Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, ChinaExperimental Center of Pathogen Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, ChinaDepartment of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344099, ChinaBrain ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) is one of the most severe clinical manifestations of ischemic stroke, placing a significant burden on both individuals and society. The only FDA-approved clinical treatment for ischemic stroke is tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), which rapidly restores cerebral blood flow but can have severe side effects. The complex pathological process of brain I/R has been well-established in the past few years, including energy metabolism disorders, cellular acidosis, doubling of the synthesis or release of excitotoxic amino acids, intracellular calcium homeostasis, free radical production, and activation of apoptotic genes. Recently, accumulating evidence has shown that NO may be strongly related to brain I/R and involved in complex pathological processes. This review focuses on the role of endogenous NO in pathological processes in brain I/R, including neuronal cell death and blood brain barrier disruption, to explore how NO impacts specific signaling cascades and contributes to brain I/R injury. Moreover, NO can rapidly react with superoxide to produce peroxynitrite, which may also mediate brain I/R injury, which is discussed here. Finally, we reveal several therapeutic approaches strongly associated with NO and discuss their potential as a clinical treatment for ischemic stroke.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/8/4243brain ischemia and reperfusionnitric oxideischemic stroke |
| spellingShingle | Yijie Wang Fenfang Hong Shulong Yang Roles of Nitric Oxide in Brain Ischemia and Reperfusion International Journal of Molecular Sciences brain ischemia and reperfusion nitric oxide ischemic stroke |
| title | Roles of Nitric Oxide in Brain Ischemia and Reperfusion |
| title_full | Roles of Nitric Oxide in Brain Ischemia and Reperfusion |
| title_fullStr | Roles of Nitric Oxide in Brain Ischemia and Reperfusion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Roles of Nitric Oxide in Brain Ischemia and Reperfusion |
| title_short | Roles of Nitric Oxide in Brain Ischemia and Reperfusion |
| title_sort | roles of nitric oxide in brain ischemia and reperfusion |
| topic | brain ischemia and reperfusion nitric oxide ischemic stroke |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/8/4243 |
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