| Summary: | Treatment of wood with various physical and chemical factors can change the number of wood parameters, which can also lead to changes in resistance to wood-destroying fungi. This study evaluates the effects of hydrothermal treatments (additives Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> or FeCl<sub>3</sub> with and without commercial tannins, also without additives and fresh wood) on decay and mould fungi resistance of modified wood of Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i>), Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>), Douglas fir (<i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>), walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i>), and Norway maple (<i>Acer platanoides</i>). For wood samples, the resistance against wood decay fungi <i>Trametes versicolor</i> (white rot) and <i>Coniophora puteana</i> (brown rot) and the resistance against mould fungi <i>Aspergillus niger</i> and <i>Penicillium</i> sp. were assessed. The study findings showed that wood modified with iron compounds could cause a higher resistance to wood-destroying fungi. The weight losses of the modified and control wood, caused by <i>T. versicolor</i> and <i>C. puteana</i>, differed for coniferous and deciduous: the average weight loss of treated pine, spruce, and fir wood caused by <i>C. puteana</i> was higher than that caused by <i>T. versicolor</i>, while these differences on maple and walnut wood were not significant. The wood hydrothermal treatment with Fe<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>3</sub> with and without tannins significantly reduced the weight loss caused by <i>T. versicolor</i> and <i>C. puteana</i>, and the treatment with Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> slightly improved the decay resistance. For the wood, hydrothermally modified with FeCl<sub>3</sub> and FeCl<sub>3</sub> + tannins, the mould area for both tested <i>Aspergillus niger</i> and <i>Penicillium</i> sp. was smallest for the wood of all tested tree species compared to other treatments. A different response was obtained for coniferous and deciduous tree species wood. The spruce wood, followed by fir wood, treated with FeCl<sub>3</sub> with and without tannins, was the most resistant against the mould fungi. Relatively low resistance against the mould fungi was fixed for the maple wood treated by various iron compounds, except the treatment with Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + tannins, which gave a very positive response against the <i>Penicillium</i> sp.
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