Biomarkers in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients Single- or Co-Infected with HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and/or HCV: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study
HIV, HTLV-1/-2, and HCV share routes of transmission, and such virus co-infections could account for worse outcomes of associated diseases. Measuring cytokines/chemokines, CD4 and CD8 T cells, and HIV viral load (VL) in HIV single-infected and co-infected individuals has prognostic value. We analyze...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/9/1955 |
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| author | Adele Caterino-de-Araujo Karoline R. Campos Luanda M. S. Oliveira Paula O. Rigato |
| author_facet | Adele Caterino-de-Araujo Karoline R. Campos Luanda M. S. Oliveira Paula O. Rigato |
| author_sort | Adele Caterino-de-Araujo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | HIV, HTLV-1/-2, and HCV share routes of transmission, and such virus co-infections could account for worse outcomes of associated diseases. Measuring cytokines/chemokines, CD4 and CD8 T cells, and HIV viral load (VL) in HIV single-infected and co-infected individuals has prognostic value. We analyzed such biomarkers in 129 blood samples of HIV-infected individuals matched for age and sex and divided into six groups (G1 (69 HIV); G2 (9 HIV/HTLV-1); G3 (6 HIV/HTLV-2); G4 (11 HIV/HCV); G5 (19 HIV/HCV/HTLV-1); and G6 (15 HIV/HCV/HTLV-2)). Eight cytokines/chemokines from fifteen analytes could be compared. The highest levels of Th1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected in G2 (IFN-γ) and G6 (IL-6 and IL1-β) and of chemokines in G1 (MIG, IP10, RANTES), G4 (MCP1), and G6 (MIP1-β). The highest CD4 cells number and the lowest HIV VL were identified in G3 and the opposite results in G2. Positive correlations between CD4 and CD8 cells counts and IL-6 levels were detected in G2 and G5 and of HIV VL and RANTES in G4. Negative correlations were detected between CD8 and IFN-γ in G4 and HIV VL and RANTES in G6. Despite the small number of the cohort analyzed, and although the cross-sectional study design does not allow firm conclusions, the homogeneity of the characteristics of HIV/HTLV-co-infected individuals regarding age, time and route of HIV acquisition, and criteria for introducing ART enable us to suggest a negative impact of HTLV-1 and a possible protective role of HTLV-2 in HIV infection progression in such patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:13:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ca61eea68aad41fcbf6e73f5bd79c927 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:13:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-ca61eea68aad41fcbf6e73f5bd79c9272023-11-23T19:27:03ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-09-01149195510.3390/v14091955Biomarkers in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients Single- or Co-Infected with HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and/or HCV: A Cross-Sectional, Observational StudyAdele Caterino-de-Araujo0Karoline R. Campos1Luanda M. S. Oliveira2Paula O. Rigato3Laboratório de Pesquisa em HTLV, Centro de Imunologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 351, 11 Andar, Pacaembu, São Paulo 01246-000, BrazilLaboratório Estratégico, Centro de Respostas Rápidas, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 351, 10 Andar, Pacaembu, São Paulo 01246-000, BrazilLaboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-56), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar 470, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, BrazilLaboratório de Imunologia Celular, Centro de Imunologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 351, 11 Andar, Pacaembu, São Paulo 01246-000, BrazilHIV, HTLV-1/-2, and HCV share routes of transmission, and such virus co-infections could account for worse outcomes of associated diseases. Measuring cytokines/chemokines, CD4 and CD8 T cells, and HIV viral load (VL) in HIV single-infected and co-infected individuals has prognostic value. We analyzed such biomarkers in 129 blood samples of HIV-infected individuals matched for age and sex and divided into six groups (G1 (69 HIV); G2 (9 HIV/HTLV-1); G3 (6 HIV/HTLV-2); G4 (11 HIV/HCV); G5 (19 HIV/HCV/HTLV-1); and G6 (15 HIV/HCV/HTLV-2)). Eight cytokines/chemokines from fifteen analytes could be compared. The highest levels of Th1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected in G2 (IFN-γ) and G6 (IL-6 and IL1-β) and of chemokines in G1 (MIG, IP10, RANTES), G4 (MCP1), and G6 (MIP1-β). The highest CD4 cells number and the lowest HIV VL were identified in G3 and the opposite results in G2. Positive correlations between CD4 and CD8 cells counts and IL-6 levels were detected in G2 and G5 and of HIV VL and RANTES in G4. Negative correlations were detected between CD8 and IFN-γ in G4 and HIV VL and RANTES in G6. Despite the small number of the cohort analyzed, and although the cross-sectional study design does not allow firm conclusions, the homogeneity of the characteristics of HIV/HTLV-co-infected individuals regarding age, time and route of HIV acquisition, and criteria for introducing ART enable us to suggest a negative impact of HTLV-1 and a possible protective role of HTLV-2 in HIV infection progression in such patients.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/9/1955HIVHTLV-1HTLV-2HCVoutcomes in co-infectionsbiomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Adele Caterino-de-Araujo Karoline R. Campos Luanda M. S. Oliveira Paula O. Rigato Biomarkers in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients Single- or Co-Infected with HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and/or HCV: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study Viruses HIV HTLV-1 HTLV-2 HCV outcomes in co-infections biomarkers |
| title | Biomarkers in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients Single- or Co-Infected with HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and/or HCV: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study |
| title_full | Biomarkers in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients Single- or Co-Infected with HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and/or HCV: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study |
| title_fullStr | Biomarkers in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients Single- or Co-Infected with HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and/or HCV: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomarkers in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients Single- or Co-Infected with HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and/or HCV: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study |
| title_short | Biomarkers in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients Single- or Co-Infected with HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and/or HCV: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study |
| title_sort | biomarkers in a cohort of hiv infected patients single or co infected with htlv 1 htlv 2 and or hcv a cross sectional observational study |
| topic | HIV HTLV-1 HTLV-2 HCV outcomes in co-infections biomarkers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/9/1955 |
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