Ocular Surface Temperature in DED under Natural Non-Controlled Blinking Conditions
Infrared (IR) thermography is a tool to non-invasively assess the tear film temperature. The aim was to analyze ocular surface temperature (OST) variations in dry eye disease (DED) and control eyes under natural non-controlled blinking conditions. Imaging was performed with a thermal camera (<i&g...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/9/4596 |
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| author | Laura Rico-del-Viejo Clara Llorens-Quintana Irene Martínez-Alberquilla David Madrid-Costa María García-Montero |
| author_facet | Laura Rico-del-Viejo Clara Llorens-Quintana Irene Martínez-Alberquilla David Madrid-Costa María García-Montero |
| author_sort | Laura Rico-del-Viejo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Infrared (IR) thermography is a tool to non-invasively assess the tear film temperature. The aim was to analyze ocular surface temperature (OST) variations in dry eye disease (DED) and control eyes under natural non-controlled blinking conditions. Imaging was performed with a thermal camera (<i>FLIR Systems Inc.</i>) at 30 Hz framerate in 79 participants (39 DED (62.5% women, average age 48 ± 20 years) and 40 control (46.2 % women, average age 38 ± 13 years)) using non-contact IR thermography camera. Data acquisitions were performed in natural blinking conditions for 40 s. IR images were analyzed using a custom algorithm that calculates the OST indexes: mean OST, OST at the start and at the end, minimum and maximum OST, and tear evaporation rate (TER). No significant differences were found between groups in any thermal parameter analyzed (paired comparisons <i>t</i>-test, <i>p</i> > 0.05). In conclusion, the findings of this study did not reveal significant differences between DED and control eyes under natural non-controlled blinking conditions. However, the presence of clinical signs in the control group may affect the results, highlighting the role of DED diagnosis criteria. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:20:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ca6975da36c942ecbf15db35a8b70c83 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:20:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ca6975da36c942ecbf15db35a8b70c832023-11-23T07:51:15ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-05-01129459610.3390/app12094596Ocular Surface Temperature in DED under Natural Non-Controlled Blinking ConditionsLaura Rico-del-Viejo0Clara Llorens-Quintana1Irene Martínez-Alberquilla2David Madrid-Costa3María García-Montero4Optometry and Vision Department, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Avda. Arcos de Jalón, 118 28037 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 515 SW Campus Drive, Portland, OR 97239, USAOptometry and Vision Department, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Avda. Arcos de Jalón, 118 28037 Madrid, SpainOptometry and Vision Department, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Avda. Arcos de Jalón, 118 28037 Madrid, SpainOptometry and Vision Department, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Avda. Arcos de Jalón, 118 28037 Madrid, SpainInfrared (IR) thermography is a tool to non-invasively assess the tear film temperature. The aim was to analyze ocular surface temperature (OST) variations in dry eye disease (DED) and control eyes under natural non-controlled blinking conditions. Imaging was performed with a thermal camera (<i>FLIR Systems Inc.</i>) at 30 Hz framerate in 79 participants (39 DED (62.5% women, average age 48 ± 20 years) and 40 control (46.2 % women, average age 38 ± 13 years)) using non-contact IR thermography camera. Data acquisitions were performed in natural blinking conditions for 40 s. IR images were analyzed using a custom algorithm that calculates the OST indexes: mean OST, OST at the start and at the end, minimum and maximum OST, and tear evaporation rate (TER). No significant differences were found between groups in any thermal parameter analyzed (paired comparisons <i>t</i>-test, <i>p</i> > 0.05). In conclusion, the findings of this study did not reveal significant differences between DED and control eyes under natural non-controlled blinking conditions. However, the presence of clinical signs in the control group may affect the results, highlighting the role of DED diagnosis criteria.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/9/4596dry eye diseasethermographyocular surface temperaturetear evaporation ratenatural blinking |
| spellingShingle | Laura Rico-del-Viejo Clara Llorens-Quintana Irene Martínez-Alberquilla David Madrid-Costa María García-Montero Ocular Surface Temperature in DED under Natural Non-Controlled Blinking Conditions Applied Sciences dry eye disease thermography ocular surface temperature tear evaporation rate natural blinking |
| title | Ocular Surface Temperature in DED under Natural Non-Controlled Blinking Conditions |
| title_full | Ocular Surface Temperature in DED under Natural Non-Controlled Blinking Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Ocular Surface Temperature in DED under Natural Non-Controlled Blinking Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ocular Surface Temperature in DED under Natural Non-Controlled Blinking Conditions |
| title_short | Ocular Surface Temperature in DED under Natural Non-Controlled Blinking Conditions |
| title_sort | ocular surface temperature in ded under natural non controlled blinking conditions |
| topic | dry eye disease thermography ocular surface temperature tear evaporation rate natural blinking |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/9/4596 |
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