The impact of marker selection, in-line near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), and feed mix time on the coefficient of variation (mix uniformity), body weight uniformity and broiler growth performance during the starter, grower, and finisher periods
ABSTRACT: Most feed manufacturers in the United States use the same mixing time (and thus mix uniformity) throughout the growing period regardless of age and consumption patterns. However, research evaluating the optimum mixing time requirements and novel analysis methods, such as in-line near-infra...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Poultry Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579123006284 |
| _version_ | 1797401844913274880 |
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| author | A.A. Rubio S. Conrad C. Juzaitis-Boelter C.R. Wishon A.C. Fahrenholz |
| author_facet | A.A. Rubio S. Conrad C. Juzaitis-Boelter C.R. Wishon A.C. Fahrenholz |
| author_sort | A.A. Rubio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: Most feed manufacturers in the United States use the same mixing time (and thus mix uniformity) throughout the growing period regardless of age and consumption patterns. However, research evaluating the optimum mixing time requirements and novel analysis methods, such as in-line near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, on the coefficient of variation (CV) and growth performance of broilers throughout the production phases is sparse. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of marker selection, in-line NIR, and varying mix times on mix uniformity, broiler growth performance, and body weight uniformity from 1 to 42 d of age. Feed was manufactured utilizing a 1,815-kg counterpoise ribbon mixer. In both experiments, feed was mixed for 4.5 min (3 min dry mix and 90 s of wet mix) and 30 s (0 s dry mix and 30 s wet mix) to obtain a standard mix (SM) and an abbreviated mix (AM), respectively. Experiment 1 constituted a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of 2 mix times, (4.5 and 0.5 min), 2 batch sizes (908 and 1,815 kg), and 4 methodologies to evaluate mixer performance (sodium chloride, Microtracers (Red#40 and Blue#40), and in-line NIR). In experiment 2, broilers received different mix time combinations: 1) SM from 1 to 42 d, 2) SM from 1 to 28 d and AM from 28 to 42 d, 3) SM from 1 to 14 d and AM from 14 to 42 d, and 4) AM from 1 to 42 d. In both experiments, selecting a single source marker provided a more accurate estimation of mixer CV in SM and AM diets (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, mix time did not influence BW, feed intake (FI), FCR, or individual bird BW CV from 1 to 42 d of age (P > 0.05). These data indicated that mixer CV differed depending on total mix time and methodology used and diets with a reduced mix time may not necessarily influence growth performance and BW uniformity during the starter, grower, and finisher periods of broilers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T02:16:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ca69d4b7035d42dab488ab44ec55819c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0032-5791 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T02:16:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Poultry Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-ca69d4b7035d42dab488ab44ec55819c2023-12-07T05:27:14ZengElsevierPoultry Science0032-57912023-12-0110212103109The impact of marker selection, in-line near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), and feed mix time on the coefficient of variation (mix uniformity), body weight uniformity and broiler growth performance during the starter, grower, and finisher periodsA.A. Rubio0S. Conrad1C. Juzaitis-Boelter2C.R. Wishon3A.C. Fahrenholz4Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USABruker Corporation, Billerica, MA 01821, USABruker Corporation, Billerica, MA 01821, USAPrestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USAPrestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; Corresponding author:ABSTRACT: Most feed manufacturers in the United States use the same mixing time (and thus mix uniformity) throughout the growing period regardless of age and consumption patterns. However, research evaluating the optimum mixing time requirements and novel analysis methods, such as in-line near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, on the coefficient of variation (CV) and growth performance of broilers throughout the production phases is sparse. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of marker selection, in-line NIR, and varying mix times on mix uniformity, broiler growth performance, and body weight uniformity from 1 to 42 d of age. Feed was manufactured utilizing a 1,815-kg counterpoise ribbon mixer. In both experiments, feed was mixed for 4.5 min (3 min dry mix and 90 s of wet mix) and 30 s (0 s dry mix and 30 s wet mix) to obtain a standard mix (SM) and an abbreviated mix (AM), respectively. Experiment 1 constituted a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of 2 mix times, (4.5 and 0.5 min), 2 batch sizes (908 and 1,815 kg), and 4 methodologies to evaluate mixer performance (sodium chloride, Microtracers (Red#40 and Blue#40), and in-line NIR). In experiment 2, broilers received different mix time combinations: 1) SM from 1 to 42 d, 2) SM from 1 to 28 d and AM from 28 to 42 d, 3) SM from 1 to 14 d and AM from 14 to 42 d, and 4) AM from 1 to 42 d. In both experiments, selecting a single source marker provided a more accurate estimation of mixer CV in SM and AM diets (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, mix time did not influence BW, feed intake (FI), FCR, or individual bird BW CV from 1 to 42 d of age (P > 0.05). These data indicated that mixer CV differed depending on total mix time and methodology used and diets with a reduced mix time may not necessarily influence growth performance and BW uniformity during the starter, grower, and finisher periods of broilers.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579123006284broilercoefficient of variationmix timeNIRperformance |
| spellingShingle | A.A. Rubio S. Conrad C. Juzaitis-Boelter C.R. Wishon A.C. Fahrenholz The impact of marker selection, in-line near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), and feed mix time on the coefficient of variation (mix uniformity), body weight uniformity and broiler growth performance during the starter, grower, and finisher periods Poultry Science broiler coefficient of variation mix time NIR performance |
| title | The impact of marker selection, in-line near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), and feed mix time on the coefficient of variation (mix uniformity), body weight uniformity and broiler growth performance during the starter, grower, and finisher periods |
| title_full | The impact of marker selection, in-line near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), and feed mix time on the coefficient of variation (mix uniformity), body weight uniformity and broiler growth performance during the starter, grower, and finisher periods |
| title_fullStr | The impact of marker selection, in-line near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), and feed mix time on the coefficient of variation (mix uniformity), body weight uniformity and broiler growth performance during the starter, grower, and finisher periods |
| title_full_unstemmed | The impact of marker selection, in-line near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), and feed mix time on the coefficient of variation (mix uniformity), body weight uniformity and broiler growth performance during the starter, grower, and finisher periods |
| title_short | The impact of marker selection, in-line near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), and feed mix time on the coefficient of variation (mix uniformity), body weight uniformity and broiler growth performance during the starter, grower, and finisher periods |
| title_sort | impact of marker selection in line near infrared spectroscopy nir and feed mix time on the coefficient of variation mix uniformity body weight uniformity and broiler growth performance during the starter grower and finisher periods |
| topic | broiler coefficient of variation mix time NIR performance |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579123006284 |
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