Eliciting Specific Electrochemical Reaction Behavior by Rational Design of a Red Phosphorus Electrode for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Due to the demand to upgrade from lithium-ion batteries (LIB), sodium-ion batteries (SIB) have been paid considerable attention for their high-energy, cost-effective, and sustainable battery system. Red phosphorus is one of the most promising anode candidates for SIBs, with a high theoretical specif...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/3053 |
| _version_ | 1797509114771800064 |
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| author | Jong Hyuk Yun San Moon Do Kyung Kim Joo-Hyung Kim |
| author_facet | Jong Hyuk Yun San Moon Do Kyung Kim Joo-Hyung Kim |
| author_sort | Jong Hyuk Yun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Due to the demand to upgrade from lithium-ion batteries (LIB), sodium-ion batteries (SIB) have been paid considerable attention for their high-energy, cost-effective, and sustainable battery system. Red phosphorus is one of the most promising anode candidates for SIBs, with a high theoretical specific capacity of 2596 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and in the discharge potential range of 0.01–0.8 V; however, it suffers from a low electrical conductivity, a substantial expansion of volume (~300%), and sluggish electron/ion kinetics. Herein, we have designed a well-defined electrode, which consists of red phosphorus, nanowire arrays encapsulated in the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (P@C NWs), which were fabricated via a two-step, anodized-aluminum oxide template. The designed anode achieved a high specific capacity of 2250 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> (87% of the theoretical capacity), and a stepwise analysis of the reaction behavior between sodium and red phosphorus was demonstrated, both of which have not been navigated in previous studies. We believe that our rational design of the red phosphorus electrode elicited the specific reaction mechanism revealed by the charge–discharge profiles, rendered excellent electrical conductivity, and accommodated volume expansion through the effective nano-architecture, thereby suggesting an efficient structure for the phosphorus anode to advance in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:13:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ca6c28d2ceec495bb01b49ddfdb808cf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:13:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-ca6c28d2ceec495bb01b49ddfdb808cf2023-11-23T00:42:28ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-11-011111305310.3390/nano11113053Eliciting Specific Electrochemical Reaction Behavior by Rational Design of a Red Phosphorus Electrode for Sodium-Ion BatteriesJong Hyuk Yun0San Moon1Do Kyung Kim2Joo-Hyung Kim3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, KoreaAdvanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, KoreaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, KoreaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, KoreaDue to the demand to upgrade from lithium-ion batteries (LIB), sodium-ion batteries (SIB) have been paid considerable attention for their high-energy, cost-effective, and sustainable battery system. Red phosphorus is one of the most promising anode candidates for SIBs, with a high theoretical specific capacity of 2596 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and in the discharge potential range of 0.01–0.8 V; however, it suffers from a low electrical conductivity, a substantial expansion of volume (~300%), and sluggish electron/ion kinetics. Herein, we have designed a well-defined electrode, which consists of red phosphorus, nanowire arrays encapsulated in the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (P@C NWs), which were fabricated via a two-step, anodized-aluminum oxide template. The designed anode achieved a high specific capacity of 2250 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> (87% of the theoretical capacity), and a stepwise analysis of the reaction behavior between sodium and red phosphorus was demonstrated, both of which have not been navigated in previous studies. We believe that our rational design of the red phosphorus electrode elicited the specific reaction mechanism revealed by the charge–discharge profiles, rendered excellent electrical conductivity, and accommodated volume expansion through the effective nano-architecture, thereby suggesting an efficient structure for the phosphorus anode to advance in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/3053red phosphorussodium-ion batteryalloying reactionreaction mechanism |
| spellingShingle | Jong Hyuk Yun San Moon Do Kyung Kim Joo-Hyung Kim Eliciting Specific Electrochemical Reaction Behavior by Rational Design of a Red Phosphorus Electrode for Sodium-Ion Batteries Nanomaterials red phosphorus sodium-ion battery alloying reaction reaction mechanism |
| title | Eliciting Specific Electrochemical Reaction Behavior by Rational Design of a Red Phosphorus Electrode for Sodium-Ion Batteries |
| title_full | Eliciting Specific Electrochemical Reaction Behavior by Rational Design of a Red Phosphorus Electrode for Sodium-Ion Batteries |
| title_fullStr | Eliciting Specific Electrochemical Reaction Behavior by Rational Design of a Red Phosphorus Electrode for Sodium-Ion Batteries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Eliciting Specific Electrochemical Reaction Behavior by Rational Design of a Red Phosphorus Electrode for Sodium-Ion Batteries |
| title_short | Eliciting Specific Electrochemical Reaction Behavior by Rational Design of a Red Phosphorus Electrode for Sodium-Ion Batteries |
| title_sort | eliciting specific electrochemical reaction behavior by rational design of a red phosphorus electrode for sodium ion batteries |
| topic | red phosphorus sodium-ion battery alloying reaction reaction mechanism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/3053 |
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