A Robust Algorithm for Photon Denoising and Bathymetric Estimation Based on ICESat-2 Data
The Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite 2 (ICESat-2) is equipped with an Advanced Terrain Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) with the capability of penetrating water bodies, making it a widely utilized tool for the bathymetry of various aquatic environments. However, the laser sensor often encounte...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/2051 |
| _version_ | 1827743851793612800 |
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| author | Junsheng Zhong Xiuguo Liu Xiang Shen Liming Jiang |
| author_facet | Junsheng Zhong Xiuguo Liu Xiang Shen Liming Jiang |
| author_sort | Junsheng Zhong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite 2 (ICESat-2) is equipped with an Advanced Terrain Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) with the capability of penetrating water bodies, making it a widely utilized tool for the bathymetry of various aquatic environments. However, the laser sensor often encounters a significant number of noise photons due to various factors such as sunlight, water quality, and after-pulse effect. These noise photons significantly compromise the accuracy of bathymetry measurements. In an effort to address this issue, this study proposes a two-step method for photon denoising by utilizing a method combining the DBSCAN algorithm and a two-dimensional window filter, achieving an F1 score of 0.94. A robust M-estimation method was employed to estimate the water depth of the denoised and refraction-corrected bathymetric photons, achieving an RMSE of 0.30 m. The method proposed in this paper preserves as much information as possible about signal photons, increases the number of bathymetric points, enhances the resistance to gross error, and guarantees the accuracy of bathymetry measurements while outlining the underwater topography. While the method is not fully automated and requires setting parameters, the fixed parameter values allow for efficient batch denoising of underwater photon points in different environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:34:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ca6e9b9af19d45b7a9afc1e1d7d0101f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:34:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-ca6e9b9af19d45b7a9afc1e1d7d0101f2023-11-17T21:11:21ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922023-04-01158205110.3390/rs15082051A Robust Algorithm for Photon Denoising and Bathymetric Estimation Based on ICESat-2 DataJunsheng Zhong0Xiuguo Liu1Xiang Shen2Liming Jiang3Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, ChinaSchool of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, ChinaInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, ChinaThe Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite 2 (ICESat-2) is equipped with an Advanced Terrain Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) with the capability of penetrating water bodies, making it a widely utilized tool for the bathymetry of various aquatic environments. However, the laser sensor often encounters a significant number of noise photons due to various factors such as sunlight, water quality, and after-pulse effect. These noise photons significantly compromise the accuracy of bathymetry measurements. In an effort to address this issue, this study proposes a two-step method for photon denoising by utilizing a method combining the DBSCAN algorithm and a two-dimensional window filter, achieving an F1 score of 0.94. A robust M-estimation method was employed to estimate the water depth of the denoised and refraction-corrected bathymetric photons, achieving an RMSE of 0.30 m. The method proposed in this paper preserves as much information as possible about signal photons, increases the number of bathymetric points, enhances the resistance to gross error, and guarantees the accuracy of bathymetry measurements while outlining the underwater topography. While the method is not fully automated and requires setting parameters, the fixed parameter values allow for efficient batch denoising of underwater photon points in different environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/2051ICESat-2laser bathymetryphoton denoisingrobust estimation |
| spellingShingle | Junsheng Zhong Xiuguo Liu Xiang Shen Liming Jiang A Robust Algorithm for Photon Denoising and Bathymetric Estimation Based on ICESat-2 Data Remote Sensing ICESat-2 laser bathymetry photon denoising robust estimation |
| title | A Robust Algorithm for Photon Denoising and Bathymetric Estimation Based on ICESat-2 Data |
| title_full | A Robust Algorithm for Photon Denoising and Bathymetric Estimation Based on ICESat-2 Data |
| title_fullStr | A Robust Algorithm for Photon Denoising and Bathymetric Estimation Based on ICESat-2 Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Robust Algorithm for Photon Denoising and Bathymetric Estimation Based on ICESat-2 Data |
| title_short | A Robust Algorithm for Photon Denoising and Bathymetric Estimation Based on ICESat-2 Data |
| title_sort | robust algorithm for photon denoising and bathymetric estimation based on icesat 2 data |
| topic | ICESat-2 laser bathymetry photon denoising robust estimation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/2051 |
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