Mathematical Models for the Skin to Lumbosacral Epidural Distance in Dogs: A Cadaveric Computed-Tomography Study
This study aimed to validate previously published computed tomography (CT) derived mathematical equations with the true skin to lumbosacral epidural distance (SLED) in dog cadavers. Phase 1: The lumbar region of 11 dog cadavers were scanned in sternal recumbency to determine the effect of cranial, n...
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| פורמט: | Article |
| שפה: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| סדרה: | Animals |
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| גישה מקוונת: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/10/2974 |
| _version_ | 1827680353119109120 |
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| author | Tsim Christopher Sun Mara Schier Michelle Pui Yan Lau Fernando Martinez-Taboada |
| author_facet | Tsim Christopher Sun Mara Schier Michelle Pui Yan Lau Fernando Martinez-Taboada |
| author_sort | Tsim Christopher Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to validate previously published computed tomography (CT) derived mathematical equations with the true skin to lumbosacral epidural distance (SLED) in dog cadavers. Phase 1: The lumbar region of 11 dog cadavers were scanned in sternal recumbency to determine the effect of cranial, neutral, and caudal pelvic limb positioning on the CT derived lumbosacral epidural distance (CLED). Phase 2: The epidural space was determined using contrast epidurography, and the SLED was analysed against the mathematical equations using a body condition score (BCS) and either the cadaveric occipital-coccygeal length (OCL) (Equation (1): = 7.3 + 0.05*OCL + 16.45*BCS) or the ilium wing distance (IWD) (Equation (2): = 3.5 + 0.56*IWD + 16.6*BCS). There were no differences detected between the pelvic limb positions and the CLED. Both equations demonstrated strong correlations (Equation (1): <i>r</i> = 0.7196; Equation (2): <i>r</i> = 0.7590) with the SLED. The level of agreement was greater for Equation (1) than with Equation (2) (concordance coefficient 0.6061 and 0.3752, respectively). Equation (1) also demonstrated a closer fit to the concordance line compared with Equation (2) (bias correction factor 0.8422 and 0.4960, respectively). Further studies in live anaesthetised dogs will help to determine the usefulness of the pre-procedural knowledge when performing lumbosacral epidurals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:46:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ca7850a08ca84d9dab4787af30e68e5b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:46:41Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-ca7850a08ca84d9dab4787af30e68e5b2023-11-22T17:12:09ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-10-011110297410.3390/ani11102974Mathematical Models for the Skin to Lumbosacral Epidural Distance in Dogs: A Cadaveric Computed-Tomography StudyTsim Christopher Sun0Mara Schier1Michelle Pui Yan Lau2Fernando Martinez-Taboada3Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, AustraliaSydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, AustraliaSydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, AustraliaSydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, AustraliaThis study aimed to validate previously published computed tomography (CT) derived mathematical equations with the true skin to lumbosacral epidural distance (SLED) in dog cadavers. Phase 1: The lumbar region of 11 dog cadavers were scanned in sternal recumbency to determine the effect of cranial, neutral, and caudal pelvic limb positioning on the CT derived lumbosacral epidural distance (CLED). Phase 2: The epidural space was determined using contrast epidurography, and the SLED was analysed against the mathematical equations using a body condition score (BCS) and either the cadaveric occipital-coccygeal length (OCL) (Equation (1): = 7.3 + 0.05*OCL + 16.45*BCS) or the ilium wing distance (IWD) (Equation (2): = 3.5 + 0.56*IWD + 16.6*BCS). There were no differences detected between the pelvic limb positions and the CLED. Both equations demonstrated strong correlations (Equation (1): <i>r</i> = 0.7196; Equation (2): <i>r</i> = 0.7590) with the SLED. The level of agreement was greater for Equation (1) than with Equation (2) (concordance coefficient 0.6061 and 0.3752, respectively). Equation (1) also demonstrated a closer fit to the concordance line compared with Equation (2) (bias correction factor 0.8422 and 0.4960, respectively). Further studies in live anaesthetised dogs will help to determine the usefulness of the pre-procedural knowledge when performing lumbosacral epidurals.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/10/2974epidurallumbosacralmathematicalmodellinglocoregionalanaesthesia |
| spellingShingle | Tsim Christopher Sun Mara Schier Michelle Pui Yan Lau Fernando Martinez-Taboada Mathematical Models for the Skin to Lumbosacral Epidural Distance in Dogs: A Cadaveric Computed-Tomography Study Animals epidural lumbosacral mathematical modelling locoregional anaesthesia |
| title | Mathematical Models for the Skin to Lumbosacral Epidural Distance in Dogs: A Cadaveric Computed-Tomography Study |
| title_full | Mathematical Models for the Skin to Lumbosacral Epidural Distance in Dogs: A Cadaveric Computed-Tomography Study |
| title_fullStr | Mathematical Models for the Skin to Lumbosacral Epidural Distance in Dogs: A Cadaveric Computed-Tomography Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mathematical Models for the Skin to Lumbosacral Epidural Distance in Dogs: A Cadaveric Computed-Tomography Study |
| title_short | Mathematical Models for the Skin to Lumbosacral Epidural Distance in Dogs: A Cadaveric Computed-Tomography Study |
| title_sort | mathematical models for the skin to lumbosacral epidural distance in dogs a cadaveric computed tomography study |
| topic | epidural lumbosacral mathematical modelling locoregional anaesthesia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/10/2974 |
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