Transmission-Blocking Vaccines against Schistosomiasis Japonica
Control of schistosomiasis japonica, endemic in Asia, including the Philippines, China, and Indonesia, is extremely challenging. <i>Schistosoma japonicum</i> is a highly pathogenic helminth parasite, with disease arising predominantly from an immune reaction to entrapped parasite eggs in...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/3/1707 |
| _version_ | 1797318694311821312 |
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| author | Chika P. Zumuk Malcolm K. Jones Severine Navarro Darren J. Gray Hong You |
| author_facet | Chika P. Zumuk Malcolm K. Jones Severine Navarro Darren J. Gray Hong You |
| author_sort | Chika P. Zumuk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Control of schistosomiasis japonica, endemic in Asia, including the Philippines, China, and Indonesia, is extremely challenging. <i>Schistosoma japonicum</i> is a highly pathogenic helminth parasite, with disease arising predominantly from an immune reaction to entrapped parasite eggs in tissues. Females of this species can generate 1000–2200 eggs per day, which is about 3- to 15-fold greater than the egg output of other schistosome species. Bovines (water buffalo and cattle) are the predominant definitive hosts and are estimated to generate up to 90% of parasite eggs released into the environment in rural endemic areas where these hosts and humans are present. Here, we highlight the necessity of developing veterinary transmission-blocking vaccines for bovines to better control the disease and review potential vaccine candidates. We also point out that the approach to producing efficacious transmission-blocking animal-based vaccines before moving on to human vaccines is crucial. This will result in effective and feasible public health outcomes in agreement with the One Health concept to achieve optimum health for people, animals, and the environment. Indeed, incorporating a veterinary-based transmission vaccine, coupled with interventions such as human mass drug administration, improved sanitation and hygiene, health education, and snail control, would be invaluable to eliminating zoonotic schistosomiasis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:55:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ca81991e529c424da1f43fbbc30ca955 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:55:59Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ca81991e529c424da1f43fbbc30ca9552024-02-09T15:14:16ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672024-01-01253170710.3390/ijms25031707Transmission-Blocking Vaccines against Schistosomiasis JaponicaChika P. Zumuk0Malcolm K. Jones1Severine Navarro2Darren J. Gray3Hong You4Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, AustraliaInfection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, AustraliaInfection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, AustraliaPopulation Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, AustraliaInfection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, AustraliaControl of schistosomiasis japonica, endemic in Asia, including the Philippines, China, and Indonesia, is extremely challenging. <i>Schistosoma japonicum</i> is a highly pathogenic helminth parasite, with disease arising predominantly from an immune reaction to entrapped parasite eggs in tissues. Females of this species can generate 1000–2200 eggs per day, which is about 3- to 15-fold greater than the egg output of other schistosome species. Bovines (water buffalo and cattle) are the predominant definitive hosts and are estimated to generate up to 90% of parasite eggs released into the environment in rural endemic areas where these hosts and humans are present. Here, we highlight the necessity of developing veterinary transmission-blocking vaccines for bovines to better control the disease and review potential vaccine candidates. We also point out that the approach to producing efficacious transmission-blocking animal-based vaccines before moving on to human vaccines is crucial. This will result in effective and feasible public health outcomes in agreement with the One Health concept to achieve optimum health for people, animals, and the environment. Indeed, incorporating a veterinary-based transmission vaccine, coupled with interventions such as human mass drug administration, improved sanitation and hygiene, health education, and snail control, would be invaluable to eliminating zoonotic schistosomiasis.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/3/1707<i>Schistosoma japonicum</i>zoonotic schistosomiasistransmission blocking vaccinesvaccineswater buffalo |
| spellingShingle | Chika P. Zumuk Malcolm K. Jones Severine Navarro Darren J. Gray Hong You Transmission-Blocking Vaccines against Schistosomiasis Japonica International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Schistosoma japonicum</i> zoonotic schistosomiasis transmission blocking vaccines vaccines water buffalo |
| title | Transmission-Blocking Vaccines against Schistosomiasis Japonica |
| title_full | Transmission-Blocking Vaccines against Schistosomiasis Japonica |
| title_fullStr | Transmission-Blocking Vaccines against Schistosomiasis Japonica |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transmission-Blocking Vaccines against Schistosomiasis Japonica |
| title_short | Transmission-Blocking Vaccines against Schistosomiasis Japonica |
| title_sort | transmission blocking vaccines against schistosomiasis japonica |
| topic | <i>Schistosoma japonicum</i> zoonotic schistosomiasis transmission blocking vaccines vaccines water buffalo |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/3/1707 |
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