Topical Nano Clove/Thyme Gel against Genetically Identified Clinical Skin Isolates: In Vivo Targeting Behavioral Alteration and IGF-1/pFOXO-1/PPAR γ Cues
Antimicrobial resistance is a dramatic global threat; however, the slow progress of new antibiotic development has impeded the identification of viable alternative strategies. Natural antioxidant-based antibacterial approaches may provide potent therapeutic abilities to effectively block resistance...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/18/5608 |
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| author | Jilan A. Nazeam Ghada M. Ragab Amira A. El-Gazar Shereen S. El-Mancy Lina Jamil Sahar M. Fayez |
| author_facet | Jilan A. Nazeam Ghada M. Ragab Amira A. El-Gazar Shereen S. El-Mancy Lina Jamil Sahar M. Fayez |
| author_sort | Jilan A. Nazeam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antimicrobial resistance is a dramatic global threat; however, the slow progress of new antibiotic development has impeded the identification of viable alternative strategies. Natural antioxidant-based antibacterial approaches may provide potent therapeutic abilities to effectively block resistance microbes’ pathways. While essential oils (EOs) have been reported as antimicrobial agents, its application is still limited ascribed to its low solubility and stability characters; additionally, the related biomolecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Hence, the study aimed to develop a nano-gel natural preparation with multiple molecular mechanisms that could combat bacterial resistance in an <i>acne vulgaris</i> model. A nano-emulgel of thyme/clove EOs (NEG8) was designed, standardized, and its antimicrobial activity was screened in vitro and in vivo against genetically identified skin bacterial clinical isolates (<i>Pseudomonas stutzeri</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>). As per our findings, NEG8 exhibited bacteriostatic and potent biofilm inhibition activities. An in vivo model was also established using the commercially available therapeutic, adapalene in contra genetically identified microorganism. Improvement in rat behavior was reported for the first time and NEG8 abated the dermal contents/protein expression of IGF-1, TGF-β/collagen, Wnt/β-catenin, JAK2/STAT-3, NE, 5-HT, and the inflammatory markers; p(Ser536) NF-κBp65, TLR-2, and IL-6. Moreover, the level of dopamine, protective anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 and PPAR-γ protein were enhanced, also the skin histological structures were improved. Thus, NEG8 could be a future potential topical clinical alternate to synthetic agents, with dual merit mechanism as bacteriostatic antibiotic action and non-antibiotic microbial pathway inhibitor. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:23:33Z |
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| id | doaj.art-ca830bf77ba441bd920a1626585a8494 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:23:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-ca830bf77ba441bd920a1626585a84942023-11-22T14:25:43ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-09-012618560810.3390/molecules26185608Topical Nano Clove/Thyme Gel against Genetically Identified Clinical Skin Isolates: In Vivo Targeting Behavioral Alteration and IGF-1/pFOXO-1/PPAR γ CuesJilan A. Nazeam0Ghada M. Ragab1Amira A. El-Gazar2Shereen S. El-Mancy3Lina Jamil4Sahar M. Fayez5Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza 12585, EgyptPharmacology and Toxicological Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University, Giza 12585, EgyptPharmacology and Toxicological Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza 12585, EgyptPharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza 12585, EgyptMicrobiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza 12585, EgyptPharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza 12585, EgyptAntimicrobial resistance is a dramatic global threat; however, the slow progress of new antibiotic development has impeded the identification of viable alternative strategies. Natural antioxidant-based antibacterial approaches may provide potent therapeutic abilities to effectively block resistance microbes’ pathways. While essential oils (EOs) have been reported as antimicrobial agents, its application is still limited ascribed to its low solubility and stability characters; additionally, the related biomolecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Hence, the study aimed to develop a nano-gel natural preparation with multiple molecular mechanisms that could combat bacterial resistance in an <i>acne vulgaris</i> model. A nano-emulgel of thyme/clove EOs (NEG8) was designed, standardized, and its antimicrobial activity was screened in vitro and in vivo against genetically identified skin bacterial clinical isolates (<i>Pseudomonas stutzeri</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>). As per our findings, NEG8 exhibited bacteriostatic and potent biofilm inhibition activities. An in vivo model was also established using the commercially available therapeutic, adapalene in contra genetically identified microorganism. Improvement in rat behavior was reported for the first time and NEG8 abated the dermal contents/protein expression of IGF-1, TGF-β/collagen, Wnt/β-catenin, JAK2/STAT-3, NE, 5-HT, and the inflammatory markers; p(Ser536) NF-κBp65, TLR-2, and IL-6. Moreover, the level of dopamine, protective anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 and PPAR-γ protein were enhanced, also the skin histological structures were improved. Thus, NEG8 could be a future potential topical clinical alternate to synthetic agents, with dual merit mechanism as bacteriostatic antibiotic action and non-antibiotic microbial pathway inhibitor.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/18/5608antibioticclinical bacterial isolatecloveIGF-1nanogelnon-antibiotic |
| spellingShingle | Jilan A. Nazeam Ghada M. Ragab Amira A. El-Gazar Shereen S. El-Mancy Lina Jamil Sahar M. Fayez Topical Nano Clove/Thyme Gel against Genetically Identified Clinical Skin Isolates: In Vivo Targeting Behavioral Alteration and IGF-1/pFOXO-1/PPAR γ Cues Molecules antibiotic clinical bacterial isolate clove IGF-1 nanogel non-antibiotic |
| title | Topical Nano Clove/Thyme Gel against Genetically Identified Clinical Skin Isolates: In Vivo Targeting Behavioral Alteration and IGF-1/pFOXO-1/PPAR γ Cues |
| title_full | Topical Nano Clove/Thyme Gel against Genetically Identified Clinical Skin Isolates: In Vivo Targeting Behavioral Alteration and IGF-1/pFOXO-1/PPAR γ Cues |
| title_fullStr | Topical Nano Clove/Thyme Gel against Genetically Identified Clinical Skin Isolates: In Vivo Targeting Behavioral Alteration and IGF-1/pFOXO-1/PPAR γ Cues |
| title_full_unstemmed | Topical Nano Clove/Thyme Gel against Genetically Identified Clinical Skin Isolates: In Vivo Targeting Behavioral Alteration and IGF-1/pFOXO-1/PPAR γ Cues |
| title_short | Topical Nano Clove/Thyme Gel against Genetically Identified Clinical Skin Isolates: In Vivo Targeting Behavioral Alteration and IGF-1/pFOXO-1/PPAR γ Cues |
| title_sort | topical nano clove thyme gel against genetically identified clinical skin isolates in vivo targeting behavioral alteration and igf 1 pfoxo 1 ppar γ cues |
| topic | antibiotic clinical bacterial isolate clove IGF-1 nanogel non-antibiotic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/18/5608 |
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