Axial Growth Driven by Physical Development and Myopia among Children: A Two Year Cohort Study
Background: The physical process of axial length growth among children and its role in the occurrence of myopia remain insufficiently explored. In this study, we investigate the patterns of ocular axial growth among persistent myopia (PM) and persistent non-myopia (PNM) children aged 3 to 15 years....
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/13/3642 |
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| author | Shida Chen Yangfeng Guo Xiaotong Han Xinping Yu Qianyun Chen Decai Wang Xiang Chen Ling Jin Jason Ha Yuting Li Yabin Qu Rong Lin Mingguang He Yangfa Zeng Yizhi Liu |
| author_facet | Shida Chen Yangfeng Guo Xiaotong Han Xinping Yu Qianyun Chen Decai Wang Xiang Chen Ling Jin Jason Ha Yuting Li Yabin Qu Rong Lin Mingguang He Yangfa Zeng Yizhi Liu |
| author_sort | Shida Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The physical process of axial length growth among children and its role in the occurrence of myopia remain insufficiently explored. In this study, we investigate the patterns of ocular axial growth among persistent myopia (PM) and persistent non-myopia (PNM) children aged 3 to 15 years. Methods: A group of 6353 children aged 3 to 15 years, selected from rural schools in China, were followed up annually for 2 years. Biometric measurements including axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) were obtained. Body height was recorded. Children were divided into two groups: PM group defined as SER of −0.50 D or less; PNM group defined as −0.50 D < SER < +3.0 D during follow-up. Results: Annual AL growth was fairly consistent for PNM eyes of children aged 3 to 11 years and then reduced significantly (independent <i>t</i> test, <i>p</i> < 0.001) for children aged 12 years and older. This pattern of AL changes was similar for PM children, although the AL growth was greater among them. Among children aged 6 and older, body height change was concomitant to AL growth (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and SER myopic shift (<i>p</i> < 0.001) until reaching 12 years old (<i>p</i> = 0.308 and <i>p</i> = 0.679, respectively). Conclusions: Stature growth and AL growth are both remarkable and consistent and concomitant but start to attenuate when the children reach 10 to 12 years old among emmetropic children. This observation suggests that AL growth is driven by physical development until 12 years old, whereas its excessive growth is dominated by myopia development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:51:19Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:51:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
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| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-ca84aea221cd4d48acce019c81d78fb42023-11-30T22:06:28ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-06-011113364210.3390/jcm11133642Axial Growth Driven by Physical Development and Myopia among Children: A Two Year Cohort StudyShida Chen0Yangfeng Guo1Xiaotong Han2Xinping Yu3Qianyun Chen4Decai Wang5Xiang Chen6Ling Jin7Jason Ha8Yuting Li9Yabin Qu10Rong Lin11Mingguang He12Yangfa Zeng13Yizhi Liu14State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, ChinaHealth Promotion Center for Primary and Secondary Schools of Guangzhou Municipality, Guangzhou 510180, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, ChinaCentre for Eye Research Australia, East Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, AustraliaState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, ChinaSchool Health Unit, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, ChinaBackground: The physical process of axial length growth among children and its role in the occurrence of myopia remain insufficiently explored. In this study, we investigate the patterns of ocular axial growth among persistent myopia (PM) and persistent non-myopia (PNM) children aged 3 to 15 years. Methods: A group of 6353 children aged 3 to 15 years, selected from rural schools in China, were followed up annually for 2 years. Biometric measurements including axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) were obtained. Body height was recorded. Children were divided into two groups: PM group defined as SER of −0.50 D or less; PNM group defined as −0.50 D < SER < +3.0 D during follow-up. Results: Annual AL growth was fairly consistent for PNM eyes of children aged 3 to 11 years and then reduced significantly (independent <i>t</i> test, <i>p</i> < 0.001) for children aged 12 years and older. This pattern of AL changes was similar for PM children, although the AL growth was greater among them. Among children aged 6 and older, body height change was concomitant to AL growth (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and SER myopic shift (<i>p</i> < 0.001) until reaching 12 years old (<i>p</i> = 0.308 and <i>p</i> = 0.679, respectively). Conclusions: Stature growth and AL growth are both remarkable and consistent and concomitant but start to attenuate when the children reach 10 to 12 years old among emmetropic children. This observation suggests that AL growth is driven by physical development until 12 years old, whereas its excessive growth is dominated by myopia development.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/13/3642myopiaaxial lengthchildrenphysical development |
| spellingShingle | Shida Chen Yangfeng Guo Xiaotong Han Xinping Yu Qianyun Chen Decai Wang Xiang Chen Ling Jin Jason Ha Yuting Li Yabin Qu Rong Lin Mingguang He Yangfa Zeng Yizhi Liu Axial Growth Driven by Physical Development and Myopia among Children: A Two Year Cohort Study Journal of Clinical Medicine myopia axial length children physical development |
| title | Axial Growth Driven by Physical Development and Myopia among Children: A Two Year Cohort Study |
| title_full | Axial Growth Driven by Physical Development and Myopia among Children: A Two Year Cohort Study |
| title_fullStr | Axial Growth Driven by Physical Development and Myopia among Children: A Two Year Cohort Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Axial Growth Driven by Physical Development and Myopia among Children: A Two Year Cohort Study |
| title_short | Axial Growth Driven by Physical Development and Myopia among Children: A Two Year Cohort Study |
| title_sort | axial growth driven by physical development and myopia among children a two year cohort study |
| topic | myopia axial length children physical development |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/13/3642 |
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