Experimental evaluation on railway axle ultrasonic testing (Effect of variable stress acting on the crack and axle bending stress during ultrasonic test)
The integrity of railway axles is a critical aspect for ensuring the safety of a railway system. Therefore, non-destructive inspections such as ultrasonic testing and magnetic particle testing are conducted periodically. Some railway operators conduct ultrasonic tests directly on axles mounted on th...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Japanese |
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The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
2017-11-01
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| Series: | Nihon Kikai Gakkai ronbunshu |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transjsme/83/856/83_17-00337/_pdf/-char/en |
| _version_ | 1797988981204320256 |
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| author | Masataka YAMAMOTO Kazunari MAKINO Hiromichi ISHIDUKA |
| author_facet | Masataka YAMAMOTO Kazunari MAKINO Hiromichi ISHIDUKA |
| author_sort | Masataka YAMAMOTO |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The integrity of railway axles is a critical aspect for ensuring the safety of a railway system. Therefore, non-destructive inspections such as ultrasonic testing and magnetic particle testing are conducted periodically. Some railway operators conduct ultrasonic tests directly on axles mounted on the train. However, the axles have to be disassembled for conducting magnetic particle testing. In the present study, the effects of variable amplitude stress acting on cracks and axle bending stress during ultrasonic test on ultrasonic response are discussed. An ultrasonic test was conducted using a full-scale axle specimen that had fatigue cracks and no artificial notches. The ultrasonic response was evaluated for the cracks whose lengths were 10 mm, 16 mm, and 19 mm. Under an unloaded condition, the ultrasonic response for the 16-mm-long and 19-mm-long cracks was approximately 4 or 7 times higher than that for the 10-mm-long crack, although the cross-sectional area of each of these cracks was approximately 2.5 or 3.5 times larger than that of the 10-mm-long crack. The obtained results indicate that the contribution of the reflection area to the ultrasonic response under a variable amplitude stress differs from that under a constant stress condition. Moreover, the influence of axle bending stress ranging between -50 MPa to +47 MPa on the ultrasonic response was investigated. A higher bending stress led to a higher ultrasonic response. However, the decreasing rate of ultrasonic response caused under compressive stress was lower than the increasing rate under tensile stress. For example, the ultrasonic response was approximately 2 dB lower than that under the unloaded condition at a compressive stress of -30 MPa; however, the ultrasonic response showed an increment of approximately 4 dB at a tensile stress of 30 MPa. A similar trend was observed in the crack of each length. The results denote that the crack position influences the precision of crack detection in ultrasonic inspection. However, considering that the maximum static bending stress of axles used in Japan is 30 MPa, its effect on inservice axle inspection is negligible. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:13:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ca907a6e3e364c2c9daa3cf009d8110e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2187-9761 |
| language | Japanese |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:13:01Z |
| publishDate | 2017-11-01 |
| publisher | The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nihon Kikai Gakkai ronbunshu |
| spelling | doaj.art-ca907a6e3e364c2c9daa3cf009d8110e2022-12-22T04:35:16ZjpnThe Japan Society of Mechanical EngineersNihon Kikai Gakkai ronbunshu2187-97612017-11-018385617-0033717-0033710.1299/transjsme.17-00337transjsmeExperimental evaluation on railway axle ultrasonic testing (Effect of variable stress acting on the crack and axle bending stress during ultrasonic test)Masataka YAMAMOTO0Kazunari MAKINO1Hiromichi ISHIDUKA2Railway Technical Research InstituteRailway Technical Research InstituteRailway Technical Research InstituteThe integrity of railway axles is a critical aspect for ensuring the safety of a railway system. Therefore, non-destructive inspections such as ultrasonic testing and magnetic particle testing are conducted periodically. Some railway operators conduct ultrasonic tests directly on axles mounted on the train. However, the axles have to be disassembled for conducting magnetic particle testing. In the present study, the effects of variable amplitude stress acting on cracks and axle bending stress during ultrasonic test on ultrasonic response are discussed. An ultrasonic test was conducted using a full-scale axle specimen that had fatigue cracks and no artificial notches. The ultrasonic response was evaluated for the cracks whose lengths were 10 mm, 16 mm, and 19 mm. Under an unloaded condition, the ultrasonic response for the 16-mm-long and 19-mm-long cracks was approximately 4 or 7 times higher than that for the 10-mm-long crack, although the cross-sectional area of each of these cracks was approximately 2.5 or 3.5 times larger than that of the 10-mm-long crack. The obtained results indicate that the contribution of the reflection area to the ultrasonic response under a variable amplitude stress differs from that under a constant stress condition. Moreover, the influence of axle bending stress ranging between -50 MPa to +47 MPa on the ultrasonic response was investigated. A higher bending stress led to a higher ultrasonic response. However, the decreasing rate of ultrasonic response caused under compressive stress was lower than the increasing rate under tensile stress. For example, the ultrasonic response was approximately 2 dB lower than that under the unloaded condition at a compressive stress of -30 MPa; however, the ultrasonic response showed an increment of approximately 4 dB at a tensile stress of 30 MPa. A similar trend was observed in the crack of each length. The results denote that the crack position influences the precision of crack detection in ultrasonic inspection. However, considering that the maximum static bending stress of axles used in Japan is 30 MPa, its effect on inservice axle inspection is negligible.https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transjsme/83/856/83_17-00337/_pdf/-char/enrailway axleultrasonic testingvariable amplitude stressbending stressultrasonic response |
| spellingShingle | Masataka YAMAMOTO Kazunari MAKINO Hiromichi ISHIDUKA Experimental evaluation on railway axle ultrasonic testing (Effect of variable stress acting on the crack and axle bending stress during ultrasonic test) Nihon Kikai Gakkai ronbunshu railway axle ultrasonic testing variable amplitude stress bending stress ultrasonic response |
| title | Experimental evaluation on railway axle ultrasonic testing (Effect of variable stress acting on the crack and axle bending stress during ultrasonic test) |
| title_full | Experimental evaluation on railway axle ultrasonic testing (Effect of variable stress acting on the crack and axle bending stress during ultrasonic test) |
| title_fullStr | Experimental evaluation on railway axle ultrasonic testing (Effect of variable stress acting on the crack and axle bending stress during ultrasonic test) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental evaluation on railway axle ultrasonic testing (Effect of variable stress acting on the crack and axle bending stress during ultrasonic test) |
| title_short | Experimental evaluation on railway axle ultrasonic testing (Effect of variable stress acting on the crack and axle bending stress during ultrasonic test) |
| title_sort | experimental evaluation on railway axle ultrasonic testing effect of variable stress acting on the crack and axle bending stress during ultrasonic test |
| topic | railway axle ultrasonic testing variable amplitude stress bending stress ultrasonic response |
| url | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transjsme/83/856/83_17-00337/_pdf/-char/en |
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