Genetic and Environmental Factors Underlying Parallel Changes in Body Mass Index and Alcohol Consumption: A 36-Year Longitudinal Study of Adult Twins
Introduction: While the genetic and environmental underpinnings of body weight and alcohol use are fairly well-known, determinants of simultaneous changes in these traits are still poorly known. We sought to quantify the environmental and genetic components underlying parallel changes in weight and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Karger Publishers
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Obesity Facts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/529835 |
| _version_ | 1797851396906680320 |
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| author | Gabin Drouard Karri Silventoinen Antti Latvala Jaakko Kaprio |
| author_facet | Gabin Drouard Karri Silventoinen Antti Latvala Jaakko Kaprio |
| author_sort | Gabin Drouard |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: While the genetic and environmental underpinnings of body weight and alcohol use are fairly well-known, determinants of simultaneous changes in these traits are still poorly known. We sought to quantify the environmental and genetic components underlying parallel changes in weight and alcohol consumption and to investigate potential covariation between them. Methods: The analysis comprised 4,461 adult participants (58% women) from the Finnish Twin Cohort with four measures of alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI) over a 36-year follow-up. Trajectories of each trait were described by growth factors, defined as intercepts (i.e., baseline) and slopes (i.e., change over follow-up), using latent growth curve modeling. Growth values were used for male (190 monozygotic pairs, 293 dizygotic pairs) and female (316 monozygotic pairs, 487 dizygotic pairs) same-sex complete twin pairs in multivariate twin modeling. The variances and covariances of growth factors were then decomposed into genetic and environmental components. Results: The baseline heritabilities were similar in men (BMI: h2 = 79% [95% confidence interval: 74, 83]; alcohol consumption: h2 = 49% [32, 67]) and women (h2 = 77% [73, 81]; h2 = 45% [29, 61]). Heritabilities of BMI change were similar in men (h2 = 52% [42, 61]) and women (h2 = 57% [50, 63]), but the heritability of change in alcohol consumption was significantly higher (p = 0.03) in men (h2 = 45% [34, 54]) than in women (h2 = 31% [22, 38]). Significant additive genetic correlations between BMI at baseline and change in alcohol consumption were observed in both men (rA = −0.17 [−0.29, −0.04]) and women (rA = −0.18 [−0.31, −0.06]). Non-shared environmental factors affecting changes in alcohol consumption and BMI were correlated in men (rE = 0.18 [0.06, 0.30]). Among women, non-shared environmental factors affecting baseline alcohol consumption and the change in BMI were inversely correlated (rE = −0.11 [−0.20, −0.01]). Conclusions: Based on genetic correlations, genetic variation underlying BMI may affect changes in alcohol consumption. Independent of genetic effects, change in BMI correlates with change in alcohol consumption in men, suggesting direct effects between them. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:16:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ca925e319b9b4a598f906b1f8f9f0cf6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-4025 1662-4033 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:16:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| series | Obesity Facts |
| spelling | doaj.art-ca925e319b9b4a598f906b1f8f9f0cf62023-04-06T05:42:14ZengKarger PublishersObesity Facts1662-40251662-40332023-03-011110.1159/000529835529835Genetic and Environmental Factors Underlying Parallel Changes in Body Mass Index and Alcohol Consumption: A 36-Year Longitudinal Study of Adult TwinsGabin Drouard0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3227-8483Karri Silventoinen1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1759-3079Antti Latvala2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5695-117XJaakko Kaprio3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3716-2455Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandPopulation Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandIntroduction: While the genetic and environmental underpinnings of body weight and alcohol use are fairly well-known, determinants of simultaneous changes in these traits are still poorly known. We sought to quantify the environmental and genetic components underlying parallel changes in weight and alcohol consumption and to investigate potential covariation between them. Methods: The analysis comprised 4,461 adult participants (58% women) from the Finnish Twin Cohort with four measures of alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI) over a 36-year follow-up. Trajectories of each trait were described by growth factors, defined as intercepts (i.e., baseline) and slopes (i.e., change over follow-up), using latent growth curve modeling. Growth values were used for male (190 monozygotic pairs, 293 dizygotic pairs) and female (316 monozygotic pairs, 487 dizygotic pairs) same-sex complete twin pairs in multivariate twin modeling. The variances and covariances of growth factors were then decomposed into genetic and environmental components. Results: The baseline heritabilities were similar in men (BMI: h2 = 79% [95% confidence interval: 74, 83]; alcohol consumption: h2 = 49% [32, 67]) and women (h2 = 77% [73, 81]; h2 = 45% [29, 61]). Heritabilities of BMI change were similar in men (h2 = 52% [42, 61]) and women (h2 = 57% [50, 63]), but the heritability of change in alcohol consumption was significantly higher (p = 0.03) in men (h2 = 45% [34, 54]) than in women (h2 = 31% [22, 38]). Significant additive genetic correlations between BMI at baseline and change in alcohol consumption were observed in both men (rA = −0.17 [−0.29, −0.04]) and women (rA = −0.18 [−0.31, −0.06]). Non-shared environmental factors affecting changes in alcohol consumption and BMI were correlated in men (rE = 0.18 [0.06, 0.30]). Among women, non-shared environmental factors affecting baseline alcohol consumption and the change in BMI were inversely correlated (rE = −0.11 [−0.20, −0.01]). Conclusions: Based on genetic correlations, genetic variation underlying BMI may affect changes in alcohol consumption. Independent of genetic effects, change in BMI correlates with change in alcohol consumption in men, suggesting direct effects between them.https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/529835longitudinal twin studygenetic and environmental correlationsbaseline and changesbody mass indexalcohol consumptionweight gain |
| spellingShingle | Gabin Drouard Karri Silventoinen Antti Latvala Jaakko Kaprio Genetic and Environmental Factors Underlying Parallel Changes in Body Mass Index and Alcohol Consumption: A 36-Year Longitudinal Study of Adult Twins Obesity Facts longitudinal twin study genetic and environmental correlations baseline and changes body mass index alcohol consumption weight gain |
| title | Genetic and Environmental Factors Underlying Parallel Changes in Body Mass Index and Alcohol Consumption: A 36-Year Longitudinal Study of Adult Twins |
| title_full | Genetic and Environmental Factors Underlying Parallel Changes in Body Mass Index and Alcohol Consumption: A 36-Year Longitudinal Study of Adult Twins |
| title_fullStr | Genetic and Environmental Factors Underlying Parallel Changes in Body Mass Index and Alcohol Consumption: A 36-Year Longitudinal Study of Adult Twins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic and Environmental Factors Underlying Parallel Changes in Body Mass Index and Alcohol Consumption: A 36-Year Longitudinal Study of Adult Twins |
| title_short | Genetic and Environmental Factors Underlying Parallel Changes in Body Mass Index and Alcohol Consumption: A 36-Year Longitudinal Study of Adult Twins |
| title_sort | genetic and environmental factors underlying parallel changes in body mass index and alcohol consumption a 36 year longitudinal study of adult twins |
| topic | longitudinal twin study genetic and environmental correlations baseline and changes body mass index alcohol consumption weight gain |
| url | https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/529835 |
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