Heterologous Immunity between Adenoviruses and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV): Recombinant Adenovirus Vaccine Vectors Containing Antigens from Unrelated Pathogens Induce Cross-Reactive Immunity Against HCV Antigens
Host immune responses play an important role in the outcome of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). They can lead to viral clearance and a positive outcome, or progression and severity of chronic disease. Extensive research in the past >25 years into understanding the immune responses agai...
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MDPI AG
2019-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/5/507 |
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| author | Babita Agrawal Nancy Gupta Satish Vedi Shakti Singh Wen Li Saurabh Garg Jie Li Rakesh Kumar |
| author_facet | Babita Agrawal Nancy Gupta Satish Vedi Shakti Singh Wen Li Saurabh Garg Jie Li Rakesh Kumar |
| author_sort | Babita Agrawal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Host immune responses play an important role in the outcome of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). They can lead to viral clearance and a positive outcome, or progression and severity of chronic disease. Extensive research in the past >25 years into understanding the immune responses against HCV have still resulted in many unanswered questions implicating a role for unknown factors and events. In our earlier studies, we made a surprising discovery that peptides derived from structural and non-structural proteins of HCV have substantial amino acid sequence homologies with various proteins of adenoviruses and that immunizing mice with a non-replicating, non-recombinant adenovirus vector leads to induction of a robust cross-reactive cellular and humoral response against various HCV antigens. In this work, we further demonstrate antibody cross-reactivity between Ad and HCV in vivo. We also extend this observation to show that recombinant adenoviruses containing antigens from unrelated pathogens also possess the ability to induce cross-reactive immune responses against HCV antigens along with the induction of transgene antigen-specific immunity. This cross-reactive immunity can (a) accommodate the making of dual-pathogen vaccines, (b) play an important role in the natural course of HCV infection and (c) provide a plausible answer to many unexplained questions regarding immunity to HCV. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T08:11:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ca92769175134ce69dc516586c48dcf3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T08:11:08Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-ca92769175134ce69dc516586c48dcf32023-09-02T19:09:11ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092019-05-018550710.3390/cells8050507cells8050507Heterologous Immunity between Adenoviruses and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV): Recombinant Adenovirus Vaccine Vectors Containing Antigens from Unrelated Pathogens Induce Cross-Reactive Immunity Against HCV AntigensBabita Agrawal0Nancy Gupta1Satish Vedi2Shakti Singh3Wen Li4Saurabh Garg5Jie Li6Rakesh Kumar7Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2S2, CanadaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2S2, CanadaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2S2, CanadaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2S2, CanadaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2S2, CanadaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2S2, CanadaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2S2, CanadaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2S2, CanadaHost immune responses play an important role in the outcome of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). They can lead to viral clearance and a positive outcome, or progression and severity of chronic disease. Extensive research in the past >25 years into understanding the immune responses against HCV have still resulted in many unanswered questions implicating a role for unknown factors and events. In our earlier studies, we made a surprising discovery that peptides derived from structural and non-structural proteins of HCV have substantial amino acid sequence homologies with various proteins of adenoviruses and that immunizing mice with a non-replicating, non-recombinant adenovirus vector leads to induction of a robust cross-reactive cellular and humoral response against various HCV antigens. In this work, we further demonstrate antibody cross-reactivity between Ad and HCV in vivo. We also extend this observation to show that recombinant adenoviruses containing antigens from unrelated pathogens also possess the ability to induce cross-reactive immune responses against HCV antigens along with the induction of transgene antigen-specific immunity. This cross-reactive immunity can (a) accommodate the making of dual-pathogen vaccines, (b) play an important role in the natural course of HCV infection and (c) provide a plausible answer to many unexplained questions regarding immunity to HCV.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/5/507Hepatitis C virusheterologous immunityadenoviruseshost response |
| spellingShingle | Babita Agrawal Nancy Gupta Satish Vedi Shakti Singh Wen Li Saurabh Garg Jie Li Rakesh Kumar Heterologous Immunity between Adenoviruses and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV): Recombinant Adenovirus Vaccine Vectors Containing Antigens from Unrelated Pathogens Induce Cross-Reactive Immunity Against HCV Antigens Cells Hepatitis C virus heterologous immunity adenoviruses host response |
| title | Heterologous Immunity between Adenoviruses and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV): Recombinant Adenovirus Vaccine Vectors Containing Antigens from Unrelated Pathogens Induce Cross-Reactive Immunity Against HCV Antigens |
| title_full | Heterologous Immunity between Adenoviruses and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV): Recombinant Adenovirus Vaccine Vectors Containing Antigens from Unrelated Pathogens Induce Cross-Reactive Immunity Against HCV Antigens |
| title_fullStr | Heterologous Immunity between Adenoviruses and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV): Recombinant Adenovirus Vaccine Vectors Containing Antigens from Unrelated Pathogens Induce Cross-Reactive Immunity Against HCV Antigens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heterologous Immunity between Adenoviruses and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV): Recombinant Adenovirus Vaccine Vectors Containing Antigens from Unrelated Pathogens Induce Cross-Reactive Immunity Against HCV Antigens |
| title_short | Heterologous Immunity between Adenoviruses and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV): Recombinant Adenovirus Vaccine Vectors Containing Antigens from Unrelated Pathogens Induce Cross-Reactive Immunity Against HCV Antigens |
| title_sort | heterologous immunity between adenoviruses and hepatitis c virus hcv recombinant adenovirus vaccine vectors containing antigens from unrelated pathogens induce cross reactive immunity against hcv antigens |
| topic | Hepatitis C virus heterologous immunity adenoviruses host response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/5/507 |
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