Blood lead level and risk of hypertension in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2016
Abstract Lead is a heavy metal without a biological role. High level of lead exposure is known to be associated with hypertension, but the risk at low levels of exposure is uncertain. In this study, data from US NHANES 1999–2016 were analyzed. Adults with blood lead and blood pressure measurements,...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82435-6 |
| _version_ | 1818751376515137536 |
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| author | Man Fung Tsoi Chris Wai Hang Lo Tommy Tsang Cheung Bernard Man Yung Cheung |
| author_facet | Man Fung Tsoi Chris Wai Hang Lo Tommy Tsang Cheung Bernard Man Yung Cheung |
| author_sort | Man Fung Tsoi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Lead is a heavy metal without a biological role. High level of lead exposure is known to be associated with hypertension, but the risk at low levels of exposure is uncertain. In this study, data from US NHANES 1999–2016 were analyzed. Adults with blood lead and blood pressure measurements, or self-reported hypertension diagnosis, were included. If not already diagnosed, hypertension was defined according to the AHA/ACC 2017 hypertension guideline. Results were analyzed using R statistics version 3.5.1 with sample weight adjustment. Logistic regression was used to study the association between blood lead level and hypertension. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated. Altogether, 39,477 participants were included. Every doubling in blood lead level was associated with hypertension (OR [95%CI] 1.45 [1.40–1.50]), which remained significant after adjusting for demographics. Using quartile 1 as reference, higher blood lead levels were associated with increased adjusted odds of hypertension (Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1: 1.22 [1.09–1.36]; Quartile 3 vs. Quartile 1: 1.15 [1.04–1.28]; Quartile 2 vs. Quartile 1: 1.14 [1.05–1.25]). In conclusion, blood lead level is associated with hypertension in the general population with blood lead levels below 5 µg/dL. Our findings suggest that reducing present levels of environmental lead exposure may bring cardiovascular benefits by reducing blood pressure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T04:34:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ca990bf82cba4260859e322b8955dc63 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T04:34:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-ca990bf82cba4260859e322b8955dc632022-12-21T21:20:53ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222021-02-011111610.1038/s41598-021-82435-6Blood lead level and risk of hypertension in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2016Man Fung Tsoi0Chris Wai Hang Lo1Tommy Tsang Cheung2Bernard Man Yung Cheung3Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong KongAbstract Lead is a heavy metal without a biological role. High level of lead exposure is known to be associated with hypertension, but the risk at low levels of exposure is uncertain. In this study, data from US NHANES 1999–2016 were analyzed. Adults with blood lead and blood pressure measurements, or self-reported hypertension diagnosis, were included. If not already diagnosed, hypertension was defined according to the AHA/ACC 2017 hypertension guideline. Results were analyzed using R statistics version 3.5.1 with sample weight adjustment. Logistic regression was used to study the association between blood lead level and hypertension. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated. Altogether, 39,477 participants were included. Every doubling in blood lead level was associated with hypertension (OR [95%CI] 1.45 [1.40–1.50]), which remained significant after adjusting for demographics. Using quartile 1 as reference, higher blood lead levels were associated with increased adjusted odds of hypertension (Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1: 1.22 [1.09–1.36]; Quartile 3 vs. Quartile 1: 1.15 [1.04–1.28]; Quartile 2 vs. Quartile 1: 1.14 [1.05–1.25]). In conclusion, blood lead level is associated with hypertension in the general population with blood lead levels below 5 µg/dL. Our findings suggest that reducing present levels of environmental lead exposure may bring cardiovascular benefits by reducing blood pressure.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82435-6 |
| spellingShingle | Man Fung Tsoi Chris Wai Hang Lo Tommy Tsang Cheung Bernard Man Yung Cheung Blood lead level and risk of hypertension in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2016 Scientific Reports |
| title | Blood lead level and risk of hypertension in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2016 |
| title_full | Blood lead level and risk of hypertension in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2016 |
| title_fullStr | Blood lead level and risk of hypertension in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2016 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Blood lead level and risk of hypertension in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2016 |
| title_short | Blood lead level and risk of hypertension in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2016 |
| title_sort | blood lead level and risk of hypertension in the united states national health and nutrition examination survey 1999 2016 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82435-6 |
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